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LEFT ANGINA PECTORIS 176 ANGLES latter part of his life he retired to a monastery of which he became abbot. Died in 814. ANGINA PECTORIS, the name first given by Dr. Heberden in 1768, and since then universally adoptedas the designa- tion of a very painful disease, called by him also a disorder of the breast; by some others, spasm of the chest, or heart stroke, and popularly breast pang. It is characterized by intense pain in the prsecordial region, attended by a feeling of suffocation and a fearful sense of im- pending death. These symptoms may continue for a few minutes, half an hour, or even an hour or more. During the paroxysm the pulse is low, with the body cold, and often covered with clammy per- spiration. There are several varieties of it: an organic and functional form; and again a pure or idiopathic and a complex or sympathetic one have been recognized. Angina is produced by dis- ease of the heart. ANGIOSPERM, a term for any plant which has its seeds inclosed in a seed vessel. Exogens are divided into those whose seeds are inclosed in a seed ves- sel, and those with seeds produced and ripened without the production of a seed vessel. The former are angiosperms, and constitute the principal part of the species, the latter are gymnosperms, and chiefly consist of the coniferte and cyca- decese. ANGLE, the point where two lines meet, or the meeting of two lines in a point. Technically, the inclination of two lines to one another. Angles may be ranked under two leading divisions, plane and solid angles. A plane angle is the inclination of two lines to one an- other in a plane, which two lines meet together. A solid angle is that which is made by the meeting in one point of more than two plane angles, which, how- ever, are not in the same plane. Each of the leading divisions, plane and solid angles, may again be subdivided into rectilineal, curvilineal, and mixed angles. A plane rectilineal angle is the inclina- tion to each other of two straight lines, which meet together, but are not in the same straight line. A curvilineal angle is the inclination to each other of two curved lines which meet in a point. A mixed angle is one formed by the meet- ing of a curve and a straight line. Angles are measured by arcs, and it is immaterial with what radius the latter are described. The result is generally stated in degrees, minutes, and seconds. The point at which the lines forming the angle meet is called the angular point or the vertex of the angle, and the lines themselves the sides or legs of the angle. Plane rectilineal angles are generally divided into right and oblique, or into right, obtuse, and acute. When a straight line standing upon another straight line makes the two adjacent angles (those on the right and left of it) equal to one another, each of them is called a right angle. An oblique angle is one which is not a right angle. An obtuse angle is that which is greater than one right angle, but less than two. An acute angle is that which is less than a right angle: both are oblique. A spherical angle is one formed by the in- tersection or the meeting of two great circles of a sphere. In mechanics, there are angles of di- rection, of friction, of repose, etc. Optics has angles of incidence, of re- flection, of refraction, of deviation, of polarization, etc. Astronomy has angles of position, of situation, of elevation, inclination, de- pression, etc. ANGLER FISH, a fish called also sea devil, frog, or frog fish; and in Scotland, wide-gab, signifying wide mouth. It is the lophius piscdtorius of Linnaeus. It has an enormous head, on which are ANGLER FISH placed two elongated appendages, or fila- ments. These, being movable, are ma- neuvered as if they were bait ; and when small fishes approach to examine them, the angler, hidden amid mud and sand, seizes them at once; hence its name. It occurs along the British coasts, and is three, or, occasionally, five, feet long. ANGLES, a Low German tribe, who, in the earliest historical period, had their seats in the district about Angeln, in the Duchy of Schleswig, and who in the 5th century and subsequently crossed over