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LEFT AM. PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION 144 AMERICA'S CUP ignorance of its members when ques- tioned in regard to the objects and name of the order. Its principal doctrine was opposition to all foreigners and Roman Catholics, and its motto was "Americans must rule America." The first National Convention of the party was held in February, 1856, at which resolutions were adopted, demanding a lengthening of the residence necessary to naturaliza- tion, and condemning President Pierce's administration for the repeal of the Mis- souri Compromise. A number of the members withdrew because of the re- fusal to consider a resolution regarding the restriction of slavery. Millard Fillmore, of New York, was nomi- nated for President, and Andrew Jackson Donelson for Vice-President, which nominations were subsequently indorsed by the Whig Convention. Fillmore carried but one State, Maryland. The party was successful in carrying the State elections in Rhode Island and Maryland in 1857, but never gained any popularity in the Western States. A second party, bearing the same name, but directly adverse to the first in that it was founded in opposi- tion to secret societies, was organized for political purposes by the National Christian Association. The organization was completed and the name adopted at a convention in Syracuse, N. Y., in 1874. At Pittsburgh, June 9, 1875, a platform was adopted in which were demanded recognition of the Sabbath, the introduc- tion of the Bible into public schools, pro- hibition of the sale of liquors, the restric- tion of land monopolies, resumption of specie pajrnent, etc. James B. Walker of Illinois was nominated for President. In 1880, the party again made nomina- tions, and in 1884, S. C. Pomeroy was nominated, but withdrew in favor of John P. St. John, the Prohibition candi- date. The third party to be called by the name of American party was organized at a convention held at Philadelphia, Sept. 16-17, 1887. Its principal aims, as set forth in its platform, were: To oppose the existing system of immigration and naturalization of foreigners; to demand its restriction and regulation so as to make a 14-years' residence a prerequisite of naturalization; to exclude from the oenefits of citizenship all anarchists, socialists, and other dangerous char- acters, etc. AMERICAN PROTECTIVE ASSOCI- ATION, popularly known as the "A. P. A.," a secret order organized throughout ttie United States, with branches in Can- ada. Its chief doctrine is that "subjec- tion to and support of any ecclesiastical power not created and controlled by American citizens, and which claims equal, if not greater, sovereignty than the Government of the United States of America, is irreconcilable with American citizenship"; and it accordingly opposes "the holding of offices in National, State, or Municipal Government by any sub- ject or supporter of such ecclesiastical power." Another of its cardinal pur- poses is to prevent all public encourage- ment and support of sectarian schools. It does not constitute a separate political party, but seeks to control existing parties. The order was founded March 13, 1887, and at one time had 2,000,000 members. It has virtually died out. AMERICAN PROTECTIVE LEAGUE. See Protective League, American. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL AS- SOCIATION, an organization founded in 1892 for the advancement of psychology as a science. Office of Secretary, Smith College, Northampton. Mass. AMERICAN SOCIAL SCIENCE AS. SOCIATION, a society organized in 1865 ; meets annually in certain selected cities. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL EN- GINEERS, an association instituted in 1852. Home, 29 W, 39th St., New York City. It has over 8,000 members. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHAN- ICAL ENGINEERS, an organization chartered in 1881. Home, 29 W. 39th St., New York City. Publishes "The Journal," a monthly. Maintains a li- brary of 60,000 books and 10,000 pam- phlets. AMERICAN UNIVERSITY, THE, a coeducational post-graduate institution in Washington, D. C, founded under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1893, Chancellor, Bishop John W. Hamilton, LL. D. AMERICAN UNIVERSITY UNION IN EUROPE, an association of Ameri- can universities and colleges, founded in Paris, to meet the needs of their stu- dents and graduates in Europe for mili- tary or other service in the World War. During the war headquarters were main- tained in Paris and London. The union provided a home with the privileges of a club to the students of the colleges affil- iated with it. Most of the leading col- leges of the United States were members of the union, which performed useful services during the war and after. AMERICA'S CUP, a yachting trophy, originally known as the Queen's Cup, offered as a prize to the yachts of all nations by the Royal Yacht Squadron of Great Britain, in 1851. The first conte?^