Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 01.djvu/138

ALBION ALBION, a city of Michigan in Calhoun co. It is on the Michigan Central, the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern railroads, and an electric line running from Kalamazoo to Detroit. It is also on the Kalamazoo river. The city has important manufactures of iron, automobile springs, and other accessories, and agricultural implements; a library, two hospitals, a park, and is the seat of Albion College. Pop. (1910) 5,833; (1920) 8,354.  ALBION, a village of New York, the county-seat of Orleans co. It is on the New York Central, the Buffalo, Lockport and Rochester railroads and the Erie canal. It has a library, high school, court house, memorial church, and several public institutions. Its industries include a canning factory, cement works, etc. Pop. (1910) 5,016; (1920) 4,683.  ALBION COLLEGE, a coeducational institution in Albion, Mich., organized under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church; reported in 1919: Professors and instructors, 24; students, 560; president, Samuel Dickie, LL. D.  ALBOIN, a king of Lombardy, who, after having slain Cunimund, King of the Gepidæ, married his daughter Rosamond. He was slain in 574, by an assassin instigated by his wife.  ALBOLENE, a hydrocarbon oil used in medicine to carry remedies to be sprayed into the nose and deeper air passages. It is also used for dressing wounds. It is a petroleum product.  ALBRIGHT COLLEGE, a coeducational institution for higher learning under the control of the Knight Evangelic Church at Myerstown, Pa. There were in 1919-1920, 232 students and 20 instructors. The library contains about 10,000 volumes. The property is valued at about $150,000, and the income about $30,000 annually. President, Rev. L. C. Hunt, A. D.  ALBUERA, a village of Spain, in the province of Badajoz, on the Albuera river; 13 miles S. E. of Badajoz. Here (May 16, 1811) a British and Portuguese army of 32,500, under General Beresford, defeated in a sanguinary battle a French army of 23,000 under Marshal Soult, the total loss being 16,000, about equally divided. Soult tried to relieve Badajoz, which was besieged by the British, but was obliged to withdraw to Seville, while the allied British and Portuguese, of whom Wellington then took command, continued the siege.  ALBUMEN or ALBUMIN. (1) In chemistry, the name of a class of albuminoids that are soluble in water, as serum and egg albumen. Egg albumen differs from serum by giving a precipitate when agitated with ether; it is scarcely soluble in strong nitric acid; its specific relation is 35.50 for yellow light. The white of eggs is composed of this substance; it dries up into a light yellow gum-like substance, which will not putrefy. It is an antidote in cases of poisoning by corrosive sublimate or copper salts.

Derived albumens are insoluble in water, and in solutions of NaCl (sodium chloride), but soluble in dilute acids and alkalies. There are acid albumens and alkali albumens.

Acid albumen is formed by adding a small quantity of dilute HCl (hydrochloric acid) to serum or egg albumen, and gradually raising the temperature to 70°.

Alkali albumen, or albumenate, is obtained by adding very dilute caustic alkali, heating the liquid, and precipitating with acids. It closely resembles the casein of milk. Potassium albuminate is also called protein.

(2) In botany, a substance interposed between the embryo and the testa of many plants. It varies greatly in amount, being particularly large in some endogens, such as the cocoanut, in which it constitutes the eatable part of the fruit.

(3) In photography, a process by which albumen is used instead of collodion to coat glass or paper. <section end="Albumen" /><section begin="Albuminoids" /> ALBUMINOIDS, in chemistry, a name given to certain chemical substances which occur in the animal and vegetable tissues. They are amorphous, and their chemical constitution has not yet been discovered. <section end="Albuminoids" /><section begin="Albuquerque" /> ALBUQUERQUE, a town and country-seat of Bernalillo co., N. M.; on the Rio Grande and the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fé and the Santa Fé Pacific railroads; 75 miles S. W. of Santa Fé. It has an elevation of 5,000 feet above sea-level; is an ancient and interesting settlement, divided into the Old and New towns; and is the seat of the University of New Mexico and of a Government school for Indians. The town has extensive railroad shops, a foundry and machine works, a National bank, and large mining, trading, and jobbing interests. Pop. (1910) 11,020; (1920) 15,157. <section end="Albuquerque" /><section begin="Albuquerque, Affonso d'" /> ALBUQUERQUE, AFFONSO D’, “the Great,” Viceroy of the Indies, was born in 1453, near Lisbon. In that age, the Portuguese people were distinguished for heroism and a spirit<section begin="Albuquerque, Affonso d'" />