Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 01.djvu/111

AGRICULTURE 

Statistics of other products not included in the tables above are as follows: peanuts, 1,251,400 acres, production 33,263,000 bushels, value $79,839,000; beans, 1,018,000 acres, production 11,488,000 bushels, value $49,181,000; sweet potatoes, 1,029,000 acres, production 103,579,000 bushels, value $138,085,000; hops, 23,900 acres, production 29,346,000 pounds, value $22,656,000. The total value of thirteen crops in all the States in 1919 was $12,421,342,000. The total value of live stock on the farms in 1920 amounted to $8,566,313,000.

AGRICULTURE, DEPARTMENT OF, an executive department of the United States Government, established by Congress in 1889; originally a bureau. It disseminates throughout the United States, by daily, monthly, and annual reports, the latest and most valuable agricultural information and introduces and distributes new and desirable seeds, plants, etc. It includes the Weather Bureau, Bureau of Animal Industry, a herbarium, a museum, a laboratory, propagating gardens, a library, and other useful adjuncts. There are now 60 experimental stations established in every State. 

AGRIGENTUM, the modern Girgenti, a town on the S. coast of Sicily, founded by a colony from Gela in 582 , and in the earlier ages one of the most important places in the island. After being at first free, it was utterly demolished by the Carthaginians in 405 In the course of the Punic Wars it was compelled to submit to the Romans. From 827 to 1080 it was in the possession of the Saracens, from whom it was conquered by Count Roger Guiscard. The modern Girgenti still shows numerous and splendid ruins. Empedocles was born here. 

AGRIPPA II., HEROD, tetrarch of Abilene, Galilee, Iturea, and Trachonitis, born in 27 During his reign he enlarged Cæsarea Philippi and named it Neronias, in honor of Nero. He remained faithful to the Romans, and tried to dissuade the Jews from rebelling. After the fall of Jerusalem he retired to Rome, where he died in 100 Before him the Apostle Paul made his memorable defense (Acts xxvi). 

AGUAS CALIENTES, a town of Mexico, capital of a central State of the same name, with an area of 2,900 square miles and a population of about 125,000, stands on a plain 6,000 feet above the sea-level, 270 miles N. W. of the City of Mexico. The environs abound in hot springs, from which the town takes its name. Pop. about 50,000. 

AGUE, an intermittent fever, in whatever stage of its progress or whatever its type. Marsh miasma, or the effluvia arising from stagnant water, or marshy ground, when acted upon by heat, are the most frequent causes of this fever. One peculiarity of this fever is its great susceptibility of a renewal from very slight causes, as from the prevalence of an easterly wind, even without the repetition of the original exciting cause. 

AGUILAR, GRACE, an English novelist; born at Hackney, June 2, 1816; was the daughter of Jewish parents of Spanish origin. Her first books were in defense of the Jewish religion: “The Spirit of Judaism” (1842); “The Jewish Faith,” etc. She is best known by her domestic and sentimental novels, “Home Influence” (1847); “The Vale of Cedars” (1850), and “The Days of Bruce” (1852). She died in Frankfort-on-the-Main, Sept. 16, 1847. 

AGUINALDO, EMILIO, a leader of the insurgents in the Philippines insurrection of 1896, and their chief in the Spanish-American War of 1898. A Chinese mestizo (of Chinese and Tagalog parentage), he was born in Imus, in the province of Cavité, in Luzon, in 1870. His father was a planter and he received his early education at Catholic colleges, and studied medicine. In 1888 he had some trouble with the authorities and went to Hong Kong. On the outbreak of the rebellion against Spanish authority, in 1896, Aguinaldo became a commanding figure with the insurgents. He was at the head of the diplomatic party, which succeeded in making terms with the Spanish Government, the latter paying a large sum to the Philippine leaders to lay down their arms. Aguinaldo <section end="Aguinaldo, Emilio" />