Page:Civil Air Regulations - Part 40 (1953).pdf/15

15 and shall be readily usable in the cockpit of each airplane.

Passenger information for all operations. All airplanes shall be equipped with signs visible to passengers and cabin attendants to notify such persons when smoking is prohibited and when safety belts should be fastened. These signs shall be capable of on-off operation by the crew.

Exit and evacuation marking for all operations. After December 31, 1953, all airplanes shall comply with the provisions of this section.

(a) Emergency exits of airplanes carrying passengers shall be clearly marked as such in letters not less than three-fourths of an inch high with luminous paint, such markings to be located either on or immediately adjacent to the pertinent exit and readily visible to passengers. Location and method of operation of the handles shall be marked with luminous paint.

(b) The exterior areas of the fuselage of an airplane shall be marked to indicate the location of mechanisms of access and those areas suitable for cutting to facilitate the escape and rescue of occupants in the event of an accident.

INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT FOR SPECIAL OPERATIONS

Instruments and equipment for operations at night. Each airplane operated at night shall be equipped with the following instruments and equipment in addition to those required by §§ 40.171 through 40.178:

(a) Flashing position lights,

(b) Two landing lights,

(c) Two class 1 or class 1A landing flares.

(d) Instrument lights providing sufficient illumination to make all instruments, switches, etc., easily readable, so installed that their direct rays are shielded from the flight crew members' eyes and that no objectionable reflections are visible to them. A means of controlling the intensity of illumination shall be provided unless it is shown that nondimming instrument lights are satisfactory,

(e) An air-speed indicating system with heated pivot tube or equivalent means for preventing malfunctioning due to icing, and

(f) A sensitive altimeter.

Instruments and equipment for operations under IFR or over-thetop. Each airplane operated under IFR or over-the-top shall be equipped with the following instruments and equipment in addition to those required by §§ 40171 through 40.178:

(a) An air-speed indicating system with heated pivot tube or equivalent means for preventing malfunctioning due to icing,

(b) A sensitive altimeter, and

(o) Instrument lights providing sufficient illumination to make all instruments, switches, etc., easily readable. so installed that their direct rays are shielded from the flight crew members' eyes and that no objectionable reflections are visible to them. A means of controlling the intensity of illumination shall be provided unless it is shown that nondimming instrument lights are satisfactory.

Supplemental oxygen—(a) General. Except where supplemental oxygen is provided in accordance with the requirements of § 40.203, supplemental oxygen shall be furnished and used as set forth in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section. The amount of supplemental oxygen required for a particular operation to comply with the rules in this part shall be determined on the basis of flight altitudes and flight duration consistent with the operating procedures established for each such operation and route. As used in the oxygen requirements hereinafter set forth, "altitude" shall mean the pressure altitude corresponding with the pressure in the cabin of the airplane, and "flight altitude" shall mean the altitude above sea level at which the airplane is operated.

(b) Crew members. (1) At altitudes above 10,000 feet to and including 12,000 feet oxygen shall be provided for, and used by, each member of the flight crew on flight deck duty, and provided for all other crew members during the portion of the flight in excess of 30 minutes within this range of altitudes.

(2) At altitudes above 12,000 feet oxygen shall be provided for, and used by, each member of the flight crew on flight deck duty, and provided for all other crew members during the entire flight time at such altitudes.

(c) Passengers. Each air carrier shall provide a supply of oxygen for passenger safety as approved by the Administrator in accordance with the following standards:

(1) For flights of over 30-minute duration at altitudes above 8,000 feet to and including 14,000 feet a supply of oxygen sufficient to furnish oxygen for 30 minutes to 10 percent of the number of passengers carried shall be required.

(2) For flights at altitudes above 14,000 feet to and including 15,000 feet a supply of oxygen sufficient to provide oxygen for the duration of the flight at such altitudes for 30 percent of the number of passengers carried shall generally be considered adequate.

(3) For flights at altitudes above 15,000 feet a supply of oxygen sufficient to provide oxygen for each passenger carried during the entire flight at such altitudes shall be required.

Supplemental oxygen requirements for pressurized cabin airplanes. When operating pressurized cabin airplanes, the air carrier shall so equip such airplanes as to permit compliance with the following requirements in the event of cabin pressurization failure:

(a) For crew members. When operating such airplanes at flight altitudes above 10,000 feet. the air carrier shall provide sufficient oxygen for all crew members for the duration of the flight at such altitudes: Provided, That not less than a 2-hour supply of oxygen shall be provided for the flight crew members on flight deck duty. The oxygen supply

required by § 40.205 may be considered in determining the supplemental breathing supply required for flight crew members on flight deck duty in the event of cabin pressurization failure.

(b) For passengers. When operating such airplanes at flight altitudes above 8,000 feet, the air carrier shall provide the following amounts of oxygen:

(1) When an airplane is not flown at a flight altitude of over 25,000 feet, a supply of oxygen sufficient to furnish oxygen for 30 minutes to 10 percent of the number of passengers carried shall be considered adequate, if at any point along the route to be fkown the airplane can safely descend to a flight altitude of 14,000 feet or less within 4 minutes.

(2) In the event that such airplane cannot descend to a flight altitude of 14,000 feet or less within 4 minutes, the following supply of oxygen shall be provided:

(i) For the duration of the flight in excess of 4 minutes at flight altitudes above 15,000 feet a supply sufficient to comply with §40.202 (c) (3);

(ii) For the duration of the flight at flight altitudes above 14,000 feet to and including 15,000 feet, a supply sufficient to comply with § 40.202 (c) (2); and

(iii) For flight at flight altitudes above 8,000 feet to and including 14,000 feet, a supply sufficient to furnish oxygen for 30 minutes to 10 percent of the number of passengers carried.

(3) When an airplane is flown at a flight altitude above 25,000 feet, sufficient oxygen shall be furnished in accordance with the following requirements to permit the airplane to descend to an appropriate flight altitude at which the flight can be safely conducted. Sufficient oxygen shall be furnished to provide oxygen for 30 minutes to 10 percent of the number of passengers carried for the duration of the flight above 8,000 feet to and including 14,000 feet and to permit compliance with § 40.202 (c) (2) and (c) (3) for flight above 14,000 feet.

(c) For purposes of this section it shall be assumed that the cabin pressurization failure will occur at a time during flight which is critical from the standpoint of oxygen need and that after such failure the airplane will descend, without exceeding its normal operating limitations, to flight altitudes permitting safe flight with respect to terrain clearance.

Equipment standards. The oxygen apparatus, the minimum rates of oxygen flow, and the supply of oxygen necessary to comply with the requirements of §40.202 shall meet the standards established in § 4b.651 of this subchapter, effective July 20, 1950: Provided, That where full compliance with such standards is found by the Administrator to be impractical, he may authorize such changes in these standards as he finds will provide an equivalent level of safety.

Protective breathing equipment for the flight crew—(a) Pressurized cabin airplanes. Each required flight crew member on flight deck duty shall have easily available at his station protective breathing equipment covering