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10 us, both Catholic and Frotestant in Canada, at this time, when the attempt is being made to introduce amongst us, innovations equally repugnant to the Catholic as to the Protestant.

From the foregoing imperfect recital of the controversy which, in varied form, and with differing weapons, has been and is now taking place in Europe, I consider the conclusion inevitable, that the Syllabus and the Vatican Decrees have materially altered the relations of the Church of Rome towards Civil society, and grievously disturbed the mind and conscience of both Catholic and Protestant.

I shall now proceed to examine how far Canada, and especially the Province of Quebec, is affected by these momentous Decrees.

Let me first endeavor to define the position of the Roman Catholic Church in Lower Canada (Quebec) from the date of its cession to Great Britain in 1759 to the period of Confederation, and subsequently.

In the celebrated Gruibord case, I find in the Judgment of the Privy Council the law very clearly laid down. My Lords say: