Page:Chronicles of the Picts, chronicles of the Scots, and other early memorials of Scottish history.djvu/87

 PEEFACE. Ixxix of the Firths of Forth and Clyde, and it is to part of this country that the name of Scotia was first applied. South of the Fu-ths, on the east, the kingdom of Lothian. Northumbria extended from the Humber to the Firth of Forth, and certainly reached as far west as the river Esk, while the Angles possessed settlements beyond that river along the south shores of the Firth as far as Abercorn. The Scottish chronicles apply to this part of the south of Scotland the general name of Saxonia ; but after the district from the Tweed to the Firth of Forth was ceded by Eadulf Cudel, Earl of Northumbria, to Malcolm the Second, in the year 1020, and became part of his dominions,. it went under the general name of Laodonia or Lothian. On the west, the kingdom of Cumbria, or Strath strathciyde Clyde, inhabited by a Welsh population, and governed by its own proper monarchs, extended from the Firth of Clyde far into England, and in- cluded Cumberland and part of Westmoreland.^ On the north of the Solway Firth, and surrounded by oaiioway. the territories of the Strathciyde Britons, was the district of Galloway, comprising the counties of Wigtown and Kirkcudbright. The ancient Celtic name for this district was, in Irish, Gallgaedhel, and in Welsh, Galwydel, which is its equivalent in that language ;^ in Welsh, the letter d is ^ Its southern boundary ap- pears to have been the river Der- weut, which now divides the diocese of Carlisle from that of Chester. 2 Though the Gallgaedhel, aa