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 For some centuries the theriaca made in turn at Constantinople, Cairo, Genoa, and Venice was in such reputation that customers would have it so branded. Ultimately the last-named city secured almost the monopoly of the manufacture. A reference to its production there occurs in Evelyn's Diary, dated March 23, 1646. Evelyn writes: "Having packed up my purchases of books, pictures, casts, treacle, &c. (the making and extraordinary ceremony whereof I had been curious to observe, for it is extremely pompous and worth seeing), I departed from Venice."

In the reign of Queen Elizabeth English apothecaries began to claim that they could make the confection as well as their Italian contemporaries. Some curious documents illustrating their confidence were given in an interesting research by Mr. W. G. Piper, published in The Chemist and Druggist, March 15, 1880. He quotes from William Turner, "the learned divine, daring Protestant, and first English botanist," the title of a work on the virtues and properties of the great Triacle (published in 1568 but not now known), and also a few paragraphs from a later volume on the same subject in which, after describing the method of making the remedy, he says: "Wherefore if there be any Apothecaries in London that dare take in hande to make these noble compositions they may know where to haue them." It appears that Hugh Morgan, the Queen's apothecary, accepted the challenge, for in a pamphlet by him (1585) he insists that his product has been compared with other "theriacle" brought from Constantinople and Venice, and has been better commended. "It is very lamentable to consider," he writes, "that straungers doe dayly send into England a false and naughty kinde of Mithridatium and Threacle