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 investigation which resulted in such a complete revolution in the dyeing industry. Perkin's patent for his "mauve" dye was obtained in 1858. It is an interesting circumstance that he made his discovery as a consequence of experiments he was conducting with the view of manufacturing an artificial quinine. Now we may turn to the

Born, 1818; died, 1892. Was Director of the Royal College of Chemistry, London, 1845-1864; subsequently Professor of Chemistry in Berlin University. Hofmann commenced the researches into coal-tar chemistry and established the chemical characteristics of aniline, and was thus one of the principal founders of modern organic chemistry.