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 THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE. 1 83 the Greeks. In Vienna friends had to aid him to flee quickly to save him from the fate of Rhigas ; in Germany he was everywhere enthu- siastically received. Among the many noble Germans who worked for the Greek cause were Krug and Thiersch. The German journals gave correct news and explanations about the Greek rising and refuted the Austrian calumniations until the Austrian and German governments in- terdicted the Philhellenic agitations. When the news of the massacre of Chios was published in England and Waddington described the terrible distress in Athens, where over twenty thousand poor refugees were starving, contributions were made quietly without osten- tation. Erskine, in a letter on the situation in Greece to the Earl of Liverpool, London, 1822, attacked the league between England and the Porte, the fraternity between the king and the Sultan, and characterized this relation as a dis- grace to the English nation so long as the ruin of Chios was not atoned for. But only under Canning did The Quarterly Review adopt a friendly attitude toward the Greeks, and only then were Philhellenic societies organized. This was the time when the first loan was made to Greece.