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Abbas (Mohammed's uncle), 107, 108

Abbasids, 91, 92; government, 97, 106; Khalifate, 107, 108, 109, 111, 112

Abd-ul-Hamid, Sultan, 102

Abduh, Mufti Muhammed, 141, 144

Abraham, 37, 39, 45, 49

Abu Bakr, 94

Abyssinians, 36, 139

Africa, 82, 90, 92, 110–11, 130

Africans, 146

Agreement of the Community, see 'Ijmâ'

Ahl al-hadîth (men of tradition), 97

ʾAjam, 52

Al-Ashʾari, 72

Alexander the Great, 61

Ali, the fourth Khalif, 89, 91, 94

Ali, Mohammed, the first Khedive, 82

Alids, 27, 92, 94, 95, 107, 108, 110

ʾâmils (agents), 87, 106

Anti-Christ, 95

Arabia, 15, 16, 38, 40, 41, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 82, 87, 90, 93, 94, 106, 109, 125, 130

Arabian, view in regard to the line of descent through a woman, 35; tribes, 36; prophet, 44, 45, 61, 67; heathens, 47, 52; migration, 54; race, 62; armies, 64; Shiʿah, 92; conquerors, 121; origin of hajj, 136; peninsula, 142

Arabic, traditions, 60; speech, 70; arts, 77; custom, 136; grammar, 137; language, 143

Arabs, 15, 16, 35, 41, 43, 44, 50, 52; the nations conquered by the, 62, 63; of Christian origin, 70, 71, 87, 88, 114, 138

Arnold, Professor T. W., 49, 62

Asia, 110

Assassins, 81

Augustine, 23

Azhar-mosque, 140, 141, 142, 144

Bâb Dereybah, 139

Bâbîs, 81

Bagdad, 107, 108

Barbarians, 52

Basra, 67

Beduins, 64, 140

Behâʾis, 81

Bellarminius, 18

Berber, 136

Bible, 45, 61, 118. See Scriptures.

Bibliander, 18

Black Stone, 143

Boulainvilliers, Count de, 22, 23

Breitinger, 18

Buddhism, 138

Burckhardt, 144

Burton, 144

Byzantine Empire, 16, 48, 51, 109

Byzantines, 63

Caetani, Prince, 31

Cairo, 67, 136, 140, 144

Casanova, Professor of Paris, 26

Caussin de Perceval, 25

China, 15, 138

Chinese, 55, 136, 139

Christian, 18; religion, 20, 138; 21, 23, 37, 38, 39, 40, 43, 45; influence, 47, 48, 133; rituals, 58; tradition, 60, 61; model of obligatory fasting, 65, 75; princes, 108; states, 121, 131;