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Pennsylvania Geological Survey

A. Photomicrograph of bituminous coal, Pittsburgh bed, showing woody tissue and a few flattened spores. Magnified 200 times. (Courtesy R. Thiessen)

B. Photomicrograph of bituminous coal, Pittsburgh bed, showing numerous flattened spores as white lines and some woody tissue. Magnified 200 times. (Courtesy R. Thiessen)

C. Photomicrograph of cannel coal, Upper Kittanning horizon, Paragon Coal and Coke Company’s mine, Cannelton, Pa. A typical spore cannel coal in which fully 90 per cent of organic matter consists of flattened spore exines and macerated spore matter. Magnified 200 times. (Courtesy R. Thiessen)

D. Photomicrograph of cannel shale, Upper Freeport horizon. Diamond Coal and Coke Company’s Oakmont No. 1 mine. Barking Station, Pa. Composed largely of woody degradation or humic matter and some spores. Magnified 200 times. (Courtesy R. Thiessen)