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Rh the Work to distinguish it from the preceding and others. The author was born in 1,077, and died in 1,148. He shows on the one hand his dissent from Sun Fuh and others who wished to discard the three early Commentaries altogether, and not go beyond the text for its explanation, and on the other hand from Soo Cheh, who held to Tso-she and paid no regard to Kung and Kuh.

[iii], 'A general Exposition of the Ch&lsquo;un Ts&lsquo;ëw.’ In 13 Books; by Hwang Chung-yen ( styled [ Chinese text ]), a scholar of the Sung dynasty, who seems for some reason or other not to have advanced beyond his first degree. His Work was completed in 1,230. He entirely discards the praise-and-censure theory, and is more than necessarily independent in his treatment of the three early Commentaries.

[iv.] [ Chinese text ], ‘Collected Comments on the Ch&lsquo;un Ts&lsquo;ëw.’ In 11 Books; by Chang Hëah ([ Chinese text ]; styled ), a scholar of the first half of the 13th century. He had previously prepared a Work on the classic, which he called [ Chinese text ] and, dissatisfied with the finish of it, he prepared the present one, in which he strove to imitate the style and manner of Choo He on the Analects and Mencius;—and hence its name of [ Chinese text ]. It is a useful Work, very perspicuous.

[v.] [ Chinese text ], 'The meaning of the Ch&lsquo;un Ts&lsquo;ëw Catechetically elicited.‘ In 20 Books; by Leu Ta-kwei ( styled [ Chinese text ], and also called [ Chinese text ], who took his 3d degree in 1,247. The catechetical form enables the author to bring out his views with force; but there is nothing which can be called peculiarly his own. As between the early commentators, he adheres to Tso for the facts, and to Kuh-lëang for the principles, having much to say against Kung-yang, and more against Ho Hëw.

[vi.] [ Chinese text ], 'Digest to help in reading the Ch&lsquo;un Ts&lsquo;ëw.' In 12 Books; by Ch‘in Shin ([ Chinese text ]; styled [ Chinese text ]), who lived both in the Sung and Yuen dynasties. He had given to his study the name of [ Chinese text ], which characters often enter into the title of his Work. He makes constant use of Tso's Commentary, but is an advocate of the views of Hoo Gan-kwoh.

[vii] [ Chinese text ], ‘The Records in the Ch&lsquo;un Ts&lsquo;ëw arranged under the States to which they severally belong.’ In 22 Books; by Ts&lsquo;e Le-k&lsquo;ëen ([ Chinese text ]; styled [ Chinese text ]). His preface is dated in 1,319. The peculiar character of the Work is shown in the title. He has placed the notices belonging to Loo before those of Chow;—very naturally, it seems to me, but the critics profess to

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