Page:Centennial History of Oregon 1811-1912, Volume 1.djvu/139

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XIV. WAIILATPUAN

(1) Cay-use, lived on the headwaters of the UiiiatiUa, WaUa WaUa and Grande Ronde rivers in UmatiUa and Union counties, Oregon, and Walla Walla county, Washington. Their territory also extended from the Blue mountains to the Ues Chutes river. It was some of these Indians who murdered Dr. Whitman in 1847.

(2) Mo-la-la, lived from Mount Hood to ilount Scott and on Molala river, Clackamas county, Oregon.

XV. YAKONAN

(1) Ya-quin-a, lived about Yaquina bay and river, Lincoln county, Oregon.

(2) Al-se-a, lived along the Alsea river in Lincoln county, Oregon.

(3) Si-w-slaiv, lived along the Siuslaw river in Lane county, Oregon.

(4) Ku-i-tish, lived along the lower Umpqua river in Douglas county, Ore- gon.

With the origin or advent of the Indians of Old Oregon this work is not concerned. The tirst white man to appear in ships on the sea coast found the Indians here before him. Lewis and Clark found them here everywhere when the great e.xpedition came over the Rocky mountains. How long the Indian had been here before the white man put in an appearance there is no data from which to make an estimate. The Indian of this region constructed no roads, built no mon- uments and left no traces on the face of nature to mark his existence or indicate the lapse of time. The temporary habitation he created, even when he had any, might have been for one or a dozen years, but not for even the span of a single life.

Yet, but only a superficial examination of the different tribes of Indians of the Pacific coast shows that there were not only distinct but wide differences be- tween the Indians of California, Oregon and Alaska ; but also between the Indians of the sea coast and those of the great interior basin of the Columbia river valley. The Eskimo and some of the other tribes of Alaska show that they might be re- lated to the Japanese ; and might have, as it were easily possible, at some time in the distant past, come across from the east shores of Asia to west shores of North America. The reverse might also have been the fact, as there is no positive knowledge to the contrary. Since this chapter was written a Norwegian explorer has found tribes of red-haired people in the far north on the .Arctic ocean, show- ing a connection with European peoples in the far distant past. The testimony of the rocks, the ancient geology of Oregon, shows that the horse, the camel, the rhinoceros and the mastodon were native to this part of the globe. Why not man also 1 Mankind is primarily an ethnological unit. There is only one specie of men. Attempts which have been made to separate mankind into several species of the genus Homo always failed. There being but one specie of man he could have but one origin. There are different races of men which have been produced by environment, and they each interbreed with the others. Different species of ani- mals are not fertile with other species ; and this proves the one single origin of all men. And whether the Indians came over from Europe or Asia ; or whether the Asiatics and Europeans went over from America is not now important. The mi-