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lljsaal. In outline the aystem la this. First a Maaa ia IV). There ure two Other Masses which, inasmuch *■ provided for every day m the year, according to the they do not eorrGspond to the office, may be ttm- seasoQS of the Church. Ordinary week days (feria) sidered a kind of Votive Mass: the Nuptial Mass have the Mass of the preceding Sunday with certain (miasa pro aptmso et gportsa), said at weddings, and the regular changes; but ferix of Lent, rogation and ember Requiem Mass, said for the faithful depart«d, which Jays, and vigib have special Masses. AH this makes up have a number of special charact«riBtics (see Nuptul the first part of the Misaal called Propriumde tempore. Mass and Reqvibu Mass). The calendar (Ordb) p ub- The year is then overladen, as it were, by a great quan- lished yearly in each diooeae or province gives the tity of feasts of saints or of special events detemiined office and Mass for every day. (Concerning Mass Glj- by the day of the month (these make up the Proprium pends, see Mass, Sacriticb of the: Vol. X.) Sattdorum). Nearly every day in the year is now a That the Haa8| around which such complicated feast of some kind; often thcte are several on one day. rules have grown, is the central feature of the Catholic There is then constantly coinciifence (concurrent ia) of rolipon hardly needs to be said. During the Reforms- several possible Masses on one day. There are cases tion and always the Mass has been the test. The in which two or more conventual Masses are said, one wordof theReformera: "It is the Mass that matters", for each of the coinciding oftioes. Thus, on feriie that was true. The Corriish insurgents in 1549 rose against have a special office, if a feaat occurs as wetl, the Mass the new religion, and expressed their whole cause in of tJie feast is said after Terce, that of the leria after their demand to have the Prayer-book Communioo None. If a feast talis on the Eve of Ascension Day Service taken away and the old Mass reatotfed. The thcie are three Conventual Masses — cf the feast ader long persecution of Catholics in England took the Terce, of the Vigil after Sext, of Ro^tion day after practical form of laws chiefly a^inst saying Mass; for None. But, in churches thiat have no official con- centuries the occujmnt of the En^ish throne was ventual Mass and in the case of the priest who says obliged to manifest bis Protestantism, not by a general Mass for his own devotion, one only of the coinciding denial of the whole aystem of CathoUc dogma, but b^a Masses is said, the others being (usually) commemo- formal repudiation of the doctrine of Transubstantia- rated by saying their collects, secrets, and post-Com- tion and of the Mass. As union with Rome is the munions aft«r those of the Mass chosen. To know bond between Catholics, bo is our common share in which Mass to choose one must know their various de- this, the most venerable rite in Christendom, the wit- grees of dignity. All days or feasts are arranged in ness and safeguard of that bond. It isby hisshaiein this scale: feria, simple, semidouble, double, greater the Mass in Communion that the Catholic proclaims double, double of the second class, double of the first his union with the great Church. As excommunica- class. The greater feaat then is the one kept: by tion means the loas of that right in those who are ei- transferring feasts to the next free day, it ia arranged pelled, so the Alass and Comtnunion are the visible that two feasts of the same rank do not coincide, bond between people, priest, and biahop, who are all Certain important days are privileged, ao that a higher onebody who share the or- — -"

feast cannot displace them. Thus nothing i place the first Sundays of Advent and Lent, Passion and Palm Sundays. These are the so-called nt^t-class Sundays. In the same way nothing can diaplao

piac^ by doubles of the first class. Ordinary Sundays 'SSi^lmmJu™

.. .„ OnainttduCuUedu*-

Mai (3d[) ed., Paris, 1S9S); Oam. Dai heilige Matop/er (Olb eA^ Freiburg, ISB?): Rieivchei, Lthriiurh drr LUurgJc. I (Beiiin, 1000): Pbobot, Lil-arait der dm" n-*«i ekriitiichen Jahrhm- dnfeCTQbingeD, 1S70): Idem. LtlursK detvirrltn Jahrhundrrti K. drren Refirm (MOiMtflr. 18B31 ; iDtM. Dii aUiHai rOmiKti^ SaeramnUarien u. Ordina (Ufluter. ISSS); Cabhol.. Ln 0™n« Wurvwu*" (Pftris, IBOOl; Idik, Lt Livrc de la prirn anSirtu (Faria. 1000); Biaiiop, TtuOtniut ofUu Rom-^ Hi" in Stalit, EtKiu'im Ctrammial (LoDdao, IHM). Z83-a La Men " " - '

count as semidoubles, but have precedence over other

aemidoubles. The days of an octave are semidoubles;

the octave day isa double. The octaves of Epiphany,

Eaater, and Pentecost (the original thtee greatest

feasts of all) are cliMed against any other feast. The - „ ....

di.pl.ced («ut i. oom™m„„wl, Bo.pl In the cu. ol 5fte3;,t fflol'siS.'Si

a great infenonty: the rules for this are given among iath>. ciudni i-nmni* nt tt» TnxHii

the "RubricK generalea" of the Miasal (VII; deCom.

iM^'

rationibus). Onaemidoublesand days below that gfJ^T^j^jj

in rank other collects are always added to that of the ii, Teits

day to make up an uneven number. Certain ones are 'I'u'oioi, 1, i prescribed regularly in the Missal, the celebrant may add others at hia discretion. The bishop of the dio- cese may also order collects for special reasons (the

so-called Orationes imperaltE). As a genera! ru|e the ^,^^

Mass must correspond to the Office of the day, iaclud- Ma;

ing its commemorations. But the Missal contains a •>'>"

collection of Votivt Mattes, that may be Bald on days ^^j^

not above a semidouble in rank. The bishop or pope ym<

may order a Votive Mass for a public cause to be said wU

on any day but the very highest. All these rules are )^,

explained m detail by Le Vavssaeur (op. cit., I, 210- cin 31) as well as in the rubrics of the Missal (Ruhr. gen..

„ 1B08); Dbewb. Zur EitUtrhuna^etei.

(Tabinaen. 1M2); tuEU. Vnternchvngen Ubtt dit

loam. drnunlniKAB Liluvii (Tabinscn, 10001; BiuiiaruE. iMumia Komana t litarvia dtW BtaraUo (Rome. IMM): Alstxis UID f DUBTOH, Orwinm Bucharitliea (LoDdon. 190S); Warren. liiturm ol lAt Ante-Kitme ChunA CLODdou. 1907); RotthaN- Hm, Vtbrr nnuere taid aUere Devtiaem dtt WarUt MimKa in

" *" — — »qq.; DCRAKunB (Biahop

mi agirionBa Libri VIll,

'■xiv^^^^iTDt SS.

NEiDEB (Msiai. 1^79). b

I. FlorilfQium PatnHi-

WitaoH, Tilt Gtlatian Saci

Coda LUurgiau Ecetttia wiiwn, 1 [Ldpiig. 18«7i:

"■■ • '-LitiireuifthrCh^rcha/BnqbindtUm-

.MiHaieSarum<.BuTiMMlaiiS ir

>i>uJ, I8ei-B3). ana in the Missal, «ra- ' {3 vola.. 0th ed.. Lou-

3* iruSaO'tnii. iwC). JnfmiJurliDn aui: MwJe* BE Mass and other arti-

Adriak Foktescue,