Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 9.djvu/821

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her all signs of royalty, and she was condemned as "Mary Stuart, commonly called Queen of Scotland". During the whole process of her trial and execution, iAe.Ty acted with magnificent courage worthy of her noble character and queenly rank. There can be no question that slie died with the charity and magna- nimity of a martyr; as also that her execution was due, on the part of her enemies, to hatred of the FaiUi. Pope Benedict XIV gives it aa his opinion that on these two heads no requisite seems wanting for a for- moi. mic, i-iuij,

mal declaration of martyrdom, if only the charges mother, nlso fell into disfavour, and shortly after- connected with the names of Darnley and Bothwell wards, in 1531, to theirgreot mutual grief, tbe mother could be entirely eliminated (" Opera omnia", Prato, and daughter were forcibly separated. During Anw 1840, III, c. xiii, s. 10), Boleyn'R lifetime as queen, the harshest treatment

At ftrstglance the portraits of Mary appear to he in- was shown t« "the Lady Mary, the King's natural consiatent with one another and with any handsome daughter", and wide-spread rumours afErmed that it original. But modern criticism has reduced genuine was intended to bring both the princess and her mother portraits to a comparatively small numl>cr and shown f-o the gallows. However, after Queen Catherine's how they may be reconciled, while their stiff appear- death in January, 1536, and .\nnc IJoleyn'e execution,

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catod, speaking Latin, t'rench, and Spanish with facil- ity, and she was in particular an accomplisbed musi- cian. Down to the time of the divoree negotiations, ^ry was recognised as heir to the throne, and many schemes had been proposed to supply her with a suit- able husband. She was indeed amanced for some time to the Emperor Charles V, the father of the man she was afterwards to marry. When, however, Henry VIII became inflexibly determined to put away h^ first wife, Mary, who was deeply attached to ber

iprobabiyonlylheie- sult of the unskilful painter's endeavour to represent the quality of majesty. Throe chalk sketches by Clouet (Jeanet), representing herat the ages of 9, 16, and 19, are the most relia- ble for outlirae. The third, " Le Deuil Diane ", has been several times copied in oil or miniature. For her reign in Scotland no picture seems to Iw known, except, perhaps, I.ord Leven and Melville's, which is in- teresting OS the only one that gives us an idea of life. During her captivity it seems that she was pamted

which followed i .. . months, the new queen, Jane Seymour, seenu to have shown willingness to befriend the king's eldest daughter. Heanwlulevery strong )HC8Suie was brou^t to bear by the all-poweriul Cromwell, and Bbry was at last induced to sign a formal " submi8Bio& ", in which she begg^P*>^oi' of the king whom she had "obstiaately and disobedi- ently ofTencfed ", renounced " the Bishop of Rome's pretended authoritr", and acknowledged the mar- riage between her father „ and mother to have been

Harmlwn Type. 1700-1710 contrary to the law d

Qod. It should be noted, hon-ever, that Harj mOMtA this paper without reading it (Gairdner, "LoUanr", I, ;tl2; Stone, "Mary I, t^ueen of England", 126), anil by the advice of Chapuys, the mipeiial am- bassador, made a private protestation that ahe had signed it under compulsion. The degree of favoiir to which Mary was restored was at first but sinall, and even this was jeopardized by the sympathy ahoim for her in the Pilgrimage of Grace, but after tte Uni*! marriage to his sixth wife, Catherine Parr, Hain't improved, and she was tuimed in Heuy** will, . the little Edward, in the succession to the throne.

When Henrj- died it was inevitable that under the influences which surrounded the young king, Haty should retire into comparative obscurity. She diieflf resided at her manors of llunsdon, KenningfaaO, or Newhall, but during Somerset's protectorate abe was M ~Kfime""iJe"vL™ ""^ iU-lrealed. When the oelebraticHi of HaM waa

„ Pini'mThe Month prohibited, she summoned up courage to take a ttrong

lmd. QHrrng n/ Sntland (Edinbumh. line. She wrote to the Council and appealed to the «TEii ConriminaihtTriu Portraiture envp^Tot, sj\d il Bcerapd at one time as if Chariea V 1: ri'BT. Vurr« on ihr .luiABniie For- would actually declare war. Throughout, Mary re- 19031; l,i.Tia, Foriraiif tmti Jrveli of maincd firm, and despite repeated monitions fttim tin J. H. Po[.i,Ks. Council and a visit from Bishop Ridley, she to all in- • tents and purposes set the government at defianoe, so

MaiT Tudor, Queen of England from 1553 to 155S; far, at kast, as regarded the religious obaervances IcA- b. IK Feb., 151fi; A. 17 Novemlwr 15.5S. Mary was lowed in her own household. At the same time her ro- the daughter and only surviving child of Henry VIII lations with her brother remained outwardly friendly, and Catherine of Aragon. Cardinal VVoLsey Vfas her and she paid him vi.iita of state from time t« time, godfather, and amongst her most intimate 'friends in At Eilward's death on ft .luly, 1553, the news was early life were Cardinal Pole (q. v.) and his rnother. for some days kept from Mair, Northumberland, the the Coimte.is of Salisbury, put to death in l,5:(i) and Lord Pre3i<lent of the Council, having contrived that now twatified. We know from the report of contem- the young king should disinherit both his sisters in fn- pomries that Mary in her youth did not lark charm, vour of Northumberland's own daught*r-in-law, Lady She wa.s by nature modest, afTeetionatc, and kindly. Jane Grey. The Lord President, backed at first by IJke all the Tudor princesses she had been well edu- the Council, made a resolute attempt to aecura the

that from these descend the so-called "Sheffield" type of portraits. A very valuable picture wa>" painted after her death, showing the execution; this, now at Blairs, and its copies (at Windsor, etc.) are called "memorial pictures".

Ductimmtt: Catendart o! State Faperi (for Soatlaad, Svaia. Venice. Bnd [fae Fareian ^rina); Teulkt, Selationi poliluua dt laFraacc it dt VEepaeae avec CEcomc (Psru. IWi); \a- BANOFr. Lritrci. . . . de HI. S. (LoD'lOD, 1S44): Goodall. Examinatioa of the Itttere laid to havt brm vrittn by M. (j. S.

oJM. Q. S. (Edinbui«h, 1727); Stevenso!., Uiri7rvotM.T& nwmage TC ClaudtNautEdmhart,b,lS»3):CBiiHTs.i.'.via,it.S..KmPnieft position im) .... d'aprrt U joumai iJe BoHTgBiia_(Paivi. 1S78): Pollen, next tO th( PapaIA'w<.fin(i<™.aiW0i«™«i"»JEdmbtirKh.I001); Ideu, ,!,-_„: idlirr to G«i« (EdinburKh. lOM): Bhemhu, Die Kaneittn- ^"^'•"'■- briefc. b Sybel. HieloTiiche Zrilflinfl hUSi}, 200-,-)IO: Sepp in Tagiburli. II, Ankl'tier lit York. eU., Ill, Anthma Babingtim, nnd IV, Pmceu (Munich. 1822-86); Uonais, Lnter Booke of Sir Amia4 Pould (Londou, 1874).

liistoriM; besides Lisfi SHU, Tttleu (P. F.l, Fbocoe, etr,, FLEiR^n.Afarvtrucrno/SnXo (London. )S97); Hosace, Afartr Sluart and hrr Aceuurt (Edinbuigh, 18701; Lanq, Muettn ' Morn Sluart (lADilmi. lOOIl; PniMPPBOH, Rigne lie Mai Slu-trl (Pnris, ISOl' " ^ .- . _. . f _. .,

(lAndon, 1006): i^ I8!J0).

SpH-iulunPortra of M. Q. S. (l.oniloi IraiUofM.Q.S. (!. M. S. (Cbscow. l»