Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 9.djvu/808

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H. Wathigant.

Hwy m&CM of tlM Five Wounds of Jmui,

Saint, of the Third Order of St. Francis, h. at Naples, 25 Hanjh, 1715; d. there. 6 October, 1791. Her fam- ily belonged to the middle class. Her father, Fran- cesco Gallo, was a severe, avaricious man with a pas- sionate temper, and from him the saint had mucn to suffer. He subjected her to much iU-treatmeat and hard, incessaDt -labour which ofteu brought her to the verge of the grave. Barbara Baainsin, her mother, however, was gentle, pious, and patient in bearing with the brutal conduct of her busband. Before her birth St. John Joseph of the Cross, O.F.M., and St. Francis de Geronimo, S.J., are said to have predicted Mar;f's future sanctity. At the ape of seven she waa adnutted to Holy Coiuraunlon, which she was subse- quently in the habit of receiving daily. When Mary Frances was sixteen years old, her father Bought to force her into a marriage with a rich yuung mun, but the saint firmly refused, and instead asked leave to ent«r the Third Order of St. Francis. This request was at length ^nted her through the influence of Father Theophilus, a Friar Minor. At her reception among the Tertiaries of St. Peter of Alcantara, 8 Sep- tember, 1731, she took the name of " Mary Frances of the Five Wounds of Jesus" out of devotion to the Blessed Virgin, St. Francis, «nd the Sacred Passion. Her body is said to have been signed with the stig- mata, which, at her prayer, took no outward, visible appearance, and on Frid:i^'s, especially the Fridays ol Lent, she felt in her body the very pains of the PossicKi. Duringherwholelife the saint had much to suffer from bodily illSj and to her physical suffering was added mental pam from the persecution of her father, sisters, and other persons. Even her confessors, to test her sanctity, made her suffer by the rte\erity of their di- rection. But over and above thtse mental and physi- cal BuflFerings she imposed upon herself voluntary pen- ances, strict faata, nair-shirts, and disciplines, tier prayers and advice saved many souls from dangers. Priests, religious, and pious persons went to her for light and counsel. Her charity and compassion, es- pecially towards the afl!ict«d and miserable, knew no bounds. Like St. Francis. Mary Frances hod a tender devotion to the Infant Jesus, the Holy Eucharist, and the Blessed Virpn. The last thirty-eight years of her life were spent in the house of a pious priest, Giovanni Pessiri. She was buried in the church of the Alcan- tarines, Sta. Lucia del Monte, at Naples, which con- tains the tomb of St. John Joseph of the Cross. She was declared Venerable by Pius VII, 18 May, 18M, beatified by Gregory XVL 12 November, 184-1, and ' canoniied by Pius IX, 29 June, 1867. Her feast on October is Icept by the Friars Minor and CapuchinR as a double of the second class, and by the Conventuals --a double major.

lofOii Thrre Orderi of

5 HAHYLAim

of this total 37'1 per cent was reported in the cennia as claiming to be church-members (23'7 per cent Prot- est&nta ; I3'l per cent Catholics ; 0'3 per cent all others), and 62'9 per cent not reported as church members. The numerical rank of-the state has decreased in every census period, being sixth in 1790 and twenty-sixtn in 1900. The foreign population ia small, and the n^ro population about 248,000. Balti- more, the chief city, mcreased 9 per cent in population during the census decade 1900-1910. Tiie federal census of 1910 gives it 558,485 inhabitants as against 5<K,957 in 1900.

. The state census of 1908 shows 401 church organi- zations with a membership (communicants) of 473,- 257. In this enu- meration the Cath- olics are set down at 166,941, which i^, owing to the government meth- od of computa- tion, 15 per cent less than the actual claim of the church authorities. Other totals are: Bap- tists, 30,928; Dw- ciplca, or Chris- tians, 2984; Dun- kers, 44 50 ; Friends, 2079; "

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Htniium md Sdigm au* dim dHlIm OnJm .fi-a hi. Valni Fr. liikua (RatiBbon, 1386), 417-8S: LAVin»A-STRr)Ui, Vila drili b. Maria FrmuMca. Ign<aria profrtM aUanlariaa (Romt. 1843); pALMCRt.CanimduidtllavOadiUab.MariaFmnraraiKnm'!. 1841);. Vol Sainl.{Qiieb«. 18001. 241-2; Rn7HABn.tf*oic/) was l,27iS,-t34;

8334; iTutheran bodies, 32,246; Methodists 137,156; Presbyterians, 17,895; Reformed PresbyterianB, 13,461; United Brethren. 6541. The tolal number of church edifices reported was 2814, with a seating capacity of 810,701 and a valuation of $23,766,172.

Colonial Period.—" On 25 March, 1634 ", saj^ the Jesuit Father Andrew White, in his " Relatio Itineiis in Maryland iam ", or "Narrative of the Voyage of The Ark and The Dove", "we celebrated Mass tor the first time in the island (St. Clement's). This had never been done before in this part of the world ", and it was the beginning of the Maryland colony. The expedition, the londii^ of which on the shores of St. Mary's is thus described, was organized and sent out by Cccilius Calvert (q. v.), the second Lord Balti- more, and the first Proprietary of Maryland, under a charter issued to him, 20 June, 1632, by Charles I of England. This cnarter was the handiwork of George Calvert, the first Lord Baltimore, the father of Cecilius, and was intended to be issued t« himself, but, as he died on the fifteenth of the preceding April, the charter went out to his son Cecilius, the neir to his title and estates and to his long-cherished scheme of English Catholic colonization in the Western Hemi- sphere. The charter contained the grant of an exten- sive territory, which was set out nnd defined by clenrnnd explicit metes and Ijounds, conlaining nearly double the present land area of Maryland, emoracing what is now the State of Delaware, a tract of Southern Peim- Kyh'onia, 1,5 miles wide by 138 miles long, and the fertile valley lying between the north and south branches of the Potomac River. The means by which the lords proprietary were deprived of so lai^e a part of the territory given to them by the ex- press language of the charier does not belong to this article. [See Russell, "Land of Sanctuary' (Balti- more, 1907), passim.] The charter also contained the mostcomprehensivegrant of civil and politico! author- ity and jurisdiction tnat ever emanated from the Ena- Ikh Crown, It was a palatinate that was created witn all the royal and viceregal rights pertaining to the unique and exceptional kind of government then existing in the Bishopric of Durham. The grantee appointed the governor and all the civil and military officers of the province. The writs ran in his name.