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In the narratives of the Resiirrection she is named the United Kingdom and the British Colonies in South ^Mary of James" (Mark, xvi, 1; Luke, xxiv, 10) and Africa and Australasia. The introduction of the "the other Mary" (Matt., xxvii, 61; xxviii, 1). The Marist Brothers in North America (1885) was a very titleof Mary of James "is obscure. If it stood alone, auspicious event for the dissemination of Cathoho we should feel inclined to render it ** wife of (or sister principles among the pupils entrusted to their charge in 60 James", but the recurrence of the expression the field of education. The institute of the Marist to render it in the same way when we only read ^' Maiy State of New York. The Marist Brothers do not of James". Her relationship to the Blessed Virgin is limit their e£Forts to the ordinary work of the class obscure. James is termed ^' of Alpheus", i. e., pre- room, but labour in any form for the welfare of youth, sumably " son of Alpheus ". St. Jerome would iaen- Besides primary schools, they conduct boarding schools tify this Alpheus with Cleophas who, according to and academies, industrial schools, homes for working Hegesippus, was brother to St. Joseph (Hist, eccl., III. boys, orphanages, etc. The Marist Brothers are not ec- xi) . In this case Mary of Cleophas, or Alpheus, wouki clesiastics. They are a congregation solely devoted to \ye the sister-in-law of the Blessed Virgin, and ibe educational work. In selecting postulsmts for the term "sister", ASe\<pi/i, in John, xix, 25, would cover novitiate, they never accept anyone who has aspira^ this. But there are grave difficulties in the way of this tions for the priesthood. Their aim is to secure re- identification of Alpheus and Cleophas. In the first emits who are likely to develop special aptitudes for place, St. Luke, who speaks of Cleophas (xxiv, 18), the mission of teaching. For the training and educa- also speaks of Alpheus (vi. 15; Acts, i, 13). We may tion of competent siibjects, the institute possesses question whether he would have been guilty of such a three kinds of establishments: the junior novitiate, the confused use of names, had they both referred to the novitiate, and the scholasticate or normal schooL same person. Again, while Alpheus is the equivalent The Marist novitiate, for the American province, is at of the Aramaic, it is not easy to see how the Greek form Poughkeepsie, New York, and the scholasticate in of this became Cleophas, or more correctly Clopas. New York City. Bbother Z^phirint. More probably it is a shortened form of Cleopatros.
 * Mary the mother of James and Joseph" compels us Brothers is legally incorporated under the laws of the

Bei^er, EinUitung in daa Neue TeMament (Freiburg, 1901), Mftiyy MISSIONARIES OF THE CoMPANT OF. — ^The

661-6; CALMB8. L'Bvangiie de S. Jean (Paris). Company of Mary was founded by Blessed Louia-

Mary of James, see Mary of Cleophas. Marie Grignion de Montfort in 1713. As early as 17(X)

Mary, The other, see Mary of Cleophas. Montfort had conceived the idea of founding a society

Mary, the mother of John, who was surnamed Mark of missionaries. Five months after his ordination,

(Acts, xii. 12). We know nothing of her; but from Nov., 17(X), he wrote: " I am continually asking in my

the fact that a meeting of the Church was held in her prayers for a poor and small company of good priests

house, we may conclude that she was possessed of to preach missions and retreats under the standard

some wealth. She may have been a widow, for her and protection of the Blessed Virgin". For many

husband's name would presumably have been given years he prayed, fasted and caused others to pray for

in place of hers, had he oeen alive. the realization of his project. In 1713 he went to

Mary (Rom., xvi, 6), also otherwise unknown. She Paris with a view to recruit members for his commu-

had "laboured much among" the Roman Church, nity. The director of the seminary DuSt-Espritprom-

hence St. PauVs salutation to her. It is only a coo- ised to send him such young priests as would feel

iecture that she is the same as the mother of John called to do missionary work. During the intervals

Mark. Hugh Pope. between his missions Montfort wrote the Rule of the

Company of Mary (1713). When he died in 1716,

Mary, Little Brothers of, generally known as two young priests. Father Vatel and Father Mulot.

Marist School Brothers. This religious teaching insti- and a few lay-brotners whom Montfort had associated

tute is modern in its origin, having been founded in with himself during his missions, were the only tangible

1817, in France, by the Venerable Benedict Maroellin result of his prayers, travels, and austerities. Never-

Champagnat. This zealous priest, especially attracted theless the founder felt confident that his company

to the care of the children of the people, worked zeal- was to develop at the time marked by Divine Provi-

ously for their primary education. Besides the rules denoe, and aadressing his Uttle flock, he bade them

and constitutions of this society, he wrote valuable not to fear or lose courage.

manuals and methods for the pedagogic training of his From 1718 till 1781 the " Montfortists ", although

disciples. The Holy See definitively recognized and ap- few in number, gave over 430 missions, most of which

proved this educational institute by a decree of 9 Janu- lasted a month. Continuing their founder's fi^t

ary, 1863. Its development in the last sixty years against Jansenism, they preached the tender mercies

has been wonderful. When the founder died (1840), of the Divine Heart, and the love of Jesus Crucified,

his society consisted of 310 members and had charge They exhorted people to renew their baptbmal vows,

of forty-eight schools, all in the central p&rt of France. Above all, they strove to draw the faithful to Jesus

To-day (1910) it numbers 6000 members pursuing Christ through devotion to the Blessed Virgin. They

their educational labours in all parts of the world, as promoted everywhere the daily recital of the Rosary,

shown by the following statistics of these educational Through their preaching, La Vend^ and Brittany

establishments; Spain, 81 schools; Belgium, 41 ; Brit- were kept free from heresy and the hearts of the brave

(1903), the Marist Brothers had charge of 750 schools brothers of the Company of Mary shared the martyr's in that country. Caj)e Colony (Africa), 9 schoob; death with the Vendean heroes. Montfort's corn-

Turkey in Asia, 5; Ceylon, 2; Arabia, 1; Brazil, 36; pany of Mary and for the Daughters of Wisdom. Pftre

Canada, 29 j Mexico, 25; Colombia, 21; United States, Dalm (1837-1855) obtained canonical approbation of

12; Argentina, 8; Cuba, 2; Chili, 3; Peru, 3. both congregations. Hitherto the missionaries had

The Marist Brothers were sent to Oceanica as co- but one residence, the mother^ouse at St. Laurent-

adjutors to the missionaries and the Marist Fathers sur-Sdvre. During Pftre Dalin's administration as

in 1836. In 1852 they established their English general, several establishments were made in France,

province, which rapidly spread its branches throughout Under P^re Denis (1855-1877) the community ao-