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 MABTIALL 722 MABTIANAY

Very early, the popular imagination, which so give; later on, he obtained a canonry in the church easily creates legends, transformed Martial into an of St. Peler at the neighbouring city of Lille. Owing apostle of the first century. Sent into Gaul by St. to the disturbed state of the country, he was not inr I^ter himself he is said to have evangelized not only stalled until 1579. He lived to enjoy his dignity for the Province of Limoges but all Aquitaine. He per- ei^teen years. It was during his residenoe at Lou- formed many miracles, among others the raising of a vam that he brought out the two chief literary works dead man to life, by touching him with a rod that for which he is known. The first of these, " Treatise of St. Peter had given him. A "Life of St. Martial" at- the Cross" (Antwerp, 1564), was a defence of the tributed to Bishop Aurelian, his successor, in reality honour paid by Catholics to the Cross, and he dedi- the work of an eleventh-century forger, develops cateS it to Queen Elizabeth, being "emboldened upcm this legendary account. According to it Martial waa her keeping the image of a crucifix in her chapel", bom in Palestine, was one of the seventy-two dis- He was attacked by James Calfhill, the Calvmist, ciples of Christ, assisted at the resurrection of Lasa- which brought forth his "Reply" (Louvain, 1566). rus, was at the Last Supper, was baptized by St. He also wrote a treatise on the "Tonsure of CleriLs", Peter, etc. . which is still in MS.

This tissue of fables which fills long pages was re- Coopbr in Did. Nat. Biog., s. v.; Gillow, BibL Diet. Eng.

^ived with favour not only by the unletter^but also ^ii;i,^^iJ§Sk.!TA'^^T^.^-^'^^^^^'

by the learned of past centuries and even of modern 113. prm, />« uiuat. Ana. genpt.; Hakdboceur, UUunrt du

times. For a long time however it has been exposed Collioe Anglais it Douai (Reims, 1898); Camic, Life of AUm

to well-warranted discussion that St. Martial's biog- (London, 1908). Bernard Ward. raphy is linked with the great question of the aposto-

licityofcertain Churches of Gaul. As to what concerns Martianay, Jean, b. 30 Dec., 1647, at Saint-Sever-

St. Martial, it has been clearly proved that we must Cap, Diocese of Aire; d. 16 June, 1717.. at Saint-Ger-

honour in him not one of the seventy-two disciples of main-des-Pr^, Paris. He entered the Benedictine

Christ but the first preacher of the Christian faith in Congregation of St. Maur at an early age, and de-

tho Province of Limoges, and that we should not go be- vot^ himself to Biblical studies, fle is spoken of

yond this. Mgr Buissas, Bishop of Limoges, haying repeatedly in the Bene<lictine annals as " most learned

petitioned the Holy See in 1853 that the most ancient in Greek and Hebrew", and he was ever engaged in

of his predecessors should not be deprived of the perfecting his knowledge. He spent over thirty

honours so long accorded him as one of the seventy- years in searching the libraries of France for informa-

twodisciplesofChrist, the Sacred Congregation, unani- tion, particularly with regard to the works of St.

mously on 8 April, 1854, and Pius IX in his decree of Jerome. A circular letter of Martianay's is still ex-

8 May following, refused absolutelv to bestow on St. tant, in which he begs the co-operation of all the

Martial the title of disciple of Christ and confined Benedictine abbeys in the work of producing a critioal

themselves to saying that the veneration that was ao- and complete edition of Jerome's writings. Ziegel-

corded him was of very ancient origin. Two Epistles bauer says (op. cit. below, II, 58) that Martianay

inserted in the Bibliotheca Patrum are attributed to completed witnout aid the gigantic task of editing

St. Martial, but they are apocryphal. The Church St. Jerome's works; this is true if we excei>t the " Di-

celebrates his feast on 30 June. vina Bibliotheca", or Hieronymian edition of the

Arbelix)t, Documents inidita sur Vapoatolat de St. Martial et Vulgate. This work was executed with the coUabo-

surVapo8toliciifde9ioiiae8deFmru:e{?Bjra^mi)\ ration of Dom Ant. Pouget. Martianay's fame as

Vita S. Martialts apostoh, from a MS. in the Bntish Museum (no -j -x.- ^ a a. Torr^no Vioa unfr^rf tmaf^lv anhnoorl Kie f».

place or date); Couture in Rev. de Gaaeogne, XXII, xii ( Auch, editor Of St. Jerome has untortunately eclipsed bis re-

1881), 294-8; Baronius, Ann. (1605), 1032, 1-3; Bellkt, St. pute as a Bibucal scholar. He undertook the work of

-, .... J r- /«__:_ ,ooox.T r ,!._/- .... ^. x ' ' bccause hc fclt tfac pressliig

"' who devoted themselves nself taught Scripture at isonne. In addition, he

^S-A4rDis6Hlupf^Vl'av6tre S. Martial (Limoges, 1893); PUDUsnea many cnucai worKS on BibUcalquestions;

Duchesne, s. Martial de Limogea in Ann. du Midi, IV (Tou- he ^Tote a treatise on inspiration against Richard

Jouso. 1892), 289-330; Laplaone. L\apoMolat de ^.Martial gimon: also a vindication of the Hebrew text and of

g'l&°rii/fril.n^"/u"tf'iat'^iTToX^:TmC the chronology.given in the Vulgate Martianay al«>

also A naieda BoUandiana (Brussels), I. 41 1-46; XII. 466-«; treated of the history of the canon; the French versions

XIII, 404-5; XIV, 328; XV, 87-8; XVI. 601-6^ of the New Testament— the "Tentamen Versionis":

Leon Clugnet, ^^^d wrote a treatise on "The Method of explaining

Holy Scripture". In 1711 he published the life of a Martiall (or Marshall), John, b. in Worcester- nun of the monastery of Beaume. shire^ 1534, d. at LiUe, 3 April, 1597. He was one of In one sense it may be said that Martianay's most the SIX companions associated with Dr. Allen in the important contribution to Biblical criticism was his foundation of the English College at Douai in 1568. edition of the " Divina Bibliotheca ". or St. Jerome's He received his education at Winchester (1545-49) text of the Vulgate. It was a bold tning at that date and New College, Oxford (1549-50), at which latter to attempt to reproduce St. Jerome's text, for the place, after a residence of seven years, he graduated as materials were comparatively scanty, and, considering bachelor of civil law in 1556. He next accepted a the means at his disposal, Martianay's work was a post as assistant master at his old school at Win- triumph, not only of industry', but of critical acumen. Chester under Thomas Hyde; but soon after the ac- He tells us at the close of his prolegomena what manu- cession of Elizal)eth, both of them found it necessary to scripts he had at his disposal, six m all, the most im- quit the country. Marshall retired to Louvain, where portant of which was the famous MS. Sangermanensis. a numl)er of English Catholic exiles were residing. Martianay published (1695) a separate collation of this Thence he removed to Douai, when he joined the new text in his edition of the old Latin version of St. universitv recentlv founded there, and graduated Matthew's Gospel and of the Epistle of St. James. B.D. in i567. Thus it came about that when Allen This collation, reproduced by Bianchini in his " Evan- arrived to found his new college, Marshall was already gelium Quadniplex ", was faulty, and the student will in residence, and willingly attached himself to the new find a correction of it in the nrst volume of Words- foundation, which was destined to play so important worth and White, " Old Latin Biblical Texts ". Ziegel- a part in English Catholic affairs in the future. He bauer mentions also another work of Martianay^ never did not, however, remain long, chiefly Ix^cause of the printed, namely, an edition of the Vulgate with va- aumJhiess of ihe allowance which it was possible to riant readings suggested by the Hebrew and Greelr