Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 9.djvu/769

 Oresliw who atleuded the Council of Aries In 314. Frooulua (3S1-428) was celebrated (or hia quarrel with Patroclea, Bishop of Aries, as to the limits of their dioceses, and his differences with the bishops of the province of Narbonneiisis Secunda concerning the metropolitan rights which Marseilles claimed over that entire region; the Council of Turin, about the year 400. theoretically decided in favour of Narboone against Marseliles, but allowed Proculus to exercise metropolitan rights until his death. In 41S Pope Zosimus, influenced by Patrocles of Aries, was about to depose Proculus, but Zosimus died and the matter was dropped. To Bishop Veneriua (431-452) we owe the so-called "Mareeillea Breviary". The Bol- landists question the existence of St. Caiinat, and the "Gallia Christiana" does not count him among the

bishops of the sec. Albania maintains his existence, trusting to the eightieth chapter of the "De viriaill. " of Geniiadius, writt«n towards the dose of the sixth century; relying also on the veneration certainly paid to him at Marseilles since 1122, Albany's accepts nim as bishop about i85.

Among the noteworthy bishops (following the chronolc^ of Abb£ Albante) are: — Ilonoratus I (about ©5) an ecclesiastical nfiter, approved bv Pope Gelflsius; St. Theodore (560-91), urged by St. Gregory the Great to use only persuasion with tlie Je\s-s, and persecuted by King Gontran; St. Screnus (o96- 601) reproved by the same pope for rcmovine; from the churches and destroying certain pictures which the faithful were incliiied to worship; St. Abdalong (eighth century); St. Maurontius (780), former Aliliot of St. Victor; Honoratus II (948-976), who began the restoration of the Abbey of St. Victor; Pons 11(1008- 73); Pierre de Montlaur (1214-29), who founded in 1214 the first chapel of Notre-Damc-de-la-Oarde; Car- dinal William Sudrc (1361-66). afterwards Bishop of Ostia, commissiioned in 1368 by Urban V to crown the empress, wife of Charles IV, and in 1369 to receive the profession of faith of Johannes Palfeologus, Emperor of Constantinople; Cardinal Philippe de Cabassole (1306-68), protector of Petrarch, author of a "Lite of St. Mary Magdalen", protector ot St. Delphine, gov- ernor under Urban V of theComtat Veiioissin, 1367- 69: he died in 1372, while legate of Gregory XI at Rome; the preacher and ascetical writer Antoine

Dufour (I500-09L confessor of Louia XII; Claude Seyssel (lfiOS-lSl7), ambaicudor of Louis XII at the Lateran Council, 1613; Cardinal Innocent CibA (1S17- 1530), grandson of Innocent VIII, nephew of Leo X and Clement VII; the preacher and controversialist Nicolas Cofiffeteau (q. v.), 1621-23; the Oratorian Eustace Gault (1639-40) and his brother Jean-Bap- tiate Gault (1642-43) famed for his charity to the

KUey slaves- de Forbin- Janson (1668-79), sent Louia XIV to the Diet of Poland (1674) which elected John Sobieaki; Belsunce de Castelmoraa (1710-56); Jean-Baptist* de Belloji- (1755-1801), died almost a centenarian as Archbishop of Paris; Eugene de Mazenod (1837-61) who founded the Con- grrgation of the Oblat«s of Mary Immaculate; Patrice Cruice (1861-65), of Irish descent, founder and direc- tor of the school of higher ecclesiastical studies estab- lished at Paris in the former monastery of the Carmel- ites (Cannes), and well known for his excellent edition oftheso-callcd"Philosophoumena"(seeHippoLYTi!S), The moralist Guillaume du Vair, president of the Parle- muiit of Aix, was named Bishop of MarseUleB in 1603 by Henry IV, but the Provincial Estates entreated the king to retain him as head of the administration of

Abbeu of St. Victor.— About 415, Cassian (q. v.) founded the two monasteries of St. Victor, one for men, the other tor women. In the crypt of St. Victor lay formerly the remains of Cassian, also those of Saints Uaurice, Marcellinus, and Peter, the body of one of the Holy Innocents, and Bishop St. Mauront. The biography of St. Izam, Abbot of St. Victor in the eleventh century (Acta 8S., 24 Sept.), gives sn inter- esting account of the first visit of St, Isam to liie cn'pt. All that now remains of the abbey is the Church of St. Victor dedicated by Benedict IX in 1040 aad rebuilt in 1200, In the fifth century the Semj- pelagion heresy, that began with certain writings of Cassian, disturbcdgreatly the Abbey of St. Victor and the Church of Marseilles (see CAseiuf; Augusti.ve; Hii^ry; PnoBPEnoFAQtiiTAiNE); from Marseilles the

heres3'. After the devastations of the Saracens the Abbey of St. Victor n-as rebuilt in the first half of the eleventh century, through the efforts of Abbot St. ft'iifred. From the middle of the eleventh century its renown was such that from all points of the South appeals were sent t« the abbots of this church to re- store the religious life in decadent monaateries. The abbey long kept in touch with the princes of Spain and Sardinia and even owned propcrtv in Syna. The polyptych of St. Victor, compiled in 814, the large chartulary, or collection of charters (end of the eleventh and beginning of the twelfth centurj'), and the small chartulary (middle ot the thirteenth century) edited by M. Gu^rard, and containing documents from 6S3 to 1336. enable the reader to grasp the important eco- nomic role of this great abbey in the Middle Ages. Blessed Bernard, Ablwt of St. Victor 1064-1079 was one of the two ambassadors delegated byGregoryVII to the DietofForehhcira. where the German princes de- posedEmperor HentrlV. He was seized bj- one of the partisans of Henry IV and passed several months in prison. Gregory Vll also sent him as legate to Spain and in rewanl for his services exempted St. Victor from a!i jurisdiction other than that of the Holy See.

Blessed William dc Grimoard was made Abbot of St. Victor, 2 Ai^st, 1301, and 1>ccame pope in 13S2 ai Urban V. He enlarged the church, surrounded the abbey with high crenelated walla, panted the abbot episcopal jurisdiction, and gave him as diocese the suburbs and villages south of the city. He %-iBitod Marseilles in October, 1365, consecrated the high al- tar of the church, returned to St. Victor in May, 1367, and held a consistory in the Abbey. What beoame of the library of St. Victor ia still a problem. Its £M^