Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 9.djvu/744

 BIABQinrRB 091 MARBIAaS

the Dakotas. The missioiiaTy embarked with the en- opposite to the place later known to history m

tire tribe and followed the Indians back to their an- Starved Rock. Since the missionary's strex^ith had

cient abode on the north-west shore cf the Straits been exhaused by his labours and travels, he ^It that

of Mackinac. Here a rude chapel was built and his end was fast approaching; he, therefore, left the

the work of instructing the Indians went on. Illinois after three weeks, being anxious to pass his

There is extant a long letter from his pen in which remaining da3rB at the mission at Mackinac. Coastine

Marquette gives some interesting accounts of the along the eastern shore of Lake Michigan, he reachea

piety and habits of the converted Hurons (Jesuit the mouth of a small stream near the present city of

Kelations, LVTI, 249). But Marquette was jeam- Ludin^ton, where he told his two companions, who had

ing for other conquests among the tribes which in- been with him throughput his entire trip, to carry him

hi3)ited the buiks of the Mississippi. He concluded ashore. There he died at the age of thirty-nine,

this letter with the joyful information that he had Two years later the Indians carried his bones to the

been chosen by his superiors to set out from Mackinac Mission at Mackinac. In 1887 a bill was passed by

for the exploration which he had so long desired. In the Assembly at Madison, Wisconsin, authorizing the

the meanwhUe accoimts of the Mississippi had reached state to place a statue of Marquette in the Hall of

Quebec, and while Marquette was preparing for the Fame at Washington. This statue of Marquette

voyage and awaiting the season of navigation, Joliet from the chisel of the Italian sculptor, S. Tretanove, is

came to join the expedition. On 17 May, 1673, with conceded to be one of the most artistic in the Capitd.

five other Frenchmen, in two canoes, Marquette and Bronze replicas of this work have been erected at

Joliet set forth on their voyage of discovery. Skirting Marquette, Michigan, and at Mackinac Island. Thus

along the northern shore of I^ke Michigan and enter- have been verified the prophetic words of Bancroft,

ing Green Bay, pushing up the twisting cturent of the who wrote of Marquette: " The people of the West will

Fox River, and crossmg a short portoge, the partv build his monument."

reached the Wisconsin. This river, they were told, T^iWAiraa. FaUwr MargueUe (New York, 1904); Hedoeui,

flowed into the great stream which they were seeking, f^ '^ryS:U''iS^":Tj;i^l^±Z.'re{:^^.

The report proved true, and on the 17 June then* i904), UI, 207; LVII, 249; LIX. 86, 164, 184; Bancroft. Hi^

canoes glided out into the broad, swift current of the tory of the U. S., Ill (Boston, 1870). 109; Parkman. La SaUe

Mississippi Marquette drew a, map of the comity S^ti1;S3rg?pK,STrt^^^^

through which they passed and kept a diary of the 1854). For grave of Maitiuette, see Catholic World. XXVI

voyage : this diary with its clear, concise style is one of (New York). 267; statues of Marquette, cf. WooiUUKkLeUer*

the most important and interesting documents of (Woodstock^MaryUod). VI. 159. 171;XXV.302^

V "Z^^*' fV^t?^ ^*^- r^ Ti 1 x^ ^TTv oo w»^\ 387; De Soto and Marquette, cf. Spalding. MeMenger ofth*

Amencan History (Jesuit Relations, LIX, 86, 164). saered Heart, XXXV. 669: XXXVIII, 271; Spalmno, V, 3.

He describes the villages and customs of the different Cath, Hutorieal Records and Studies, III (New York. 1904), 381.

tribes, the topography of the country, the tides of Henby S. Spaij>ing.

the lakes, the future commercial value of navigable m*^.^.,^*** t -.-—-. • i. r j j • xt

streams, the nature and variety of the flowere and v^"^^**® ?^SP?' if ^^^^ founded m New

trees, of birds and animals. DoWn the river the party York m May, 1904, by Rev. H G. Gan^, of Lancas-

sailed, passing the mouth of the muddy Missoui? and ^J* ^^\Z'^^, f directorate of tw«ity-five members

the Ohio until they reached the mouth of the Ar- ^*^TS^* ^"^^ ^^""1 *^^ ^'''^ ^^ *H^^ ^""^ ^^

kansas, and learned with certainty from the Indians ^?,^ ,?^'^*r ' ?^ f ^Y°T s movement to co^rate

that the river upon which they were navigating flowed with t^e ecclesiastical authonU^^^

into the Gulf olf Mexico. ^eFaith^ among the Catholic Indians of the United

This was the fearing daneer from

they turned the prows »^. v..^** ^,««^^v-, ..^.v..^».^. , - . • ■ x.-j xu-x j* -j

« We considered ", Writes Marquette in his diary, " that P^ maintaining tramed catechiste; and to endeavour

were not prepared to resist the InSian alUee of the "^ estabhshed mission chapek at Holy Rosary and St

Europeans, for these savages were expert in the use Francis mission, South Dakota; for the Moquis In-

of fir^rm^; lastly we hadiathered aU the information ^ <>J Northern Aruona; for the Winnebago^ of

that could be d^ired fr^m the expedition. After Nebraska; ^d twochapels on the Fort Berthold

weighing all these reasons we resold to return." Reservation, North Dakota. Several catechiste were

On coming to the mouth of the Illinois they left the *®5* ^ ^^ mission field, and many gifts of clothuMj

Mississippi and took what they learned from the In- ^5 money were sent each year to the mission schools

dians w^ a shorter route. Near the present city of ^^ ^"^^^ "^S^y oSermg^ for Masses to the mis^onapr

Utica they came to a very large village of the Illinois pneate, together with v^tmente and chahces for the

who requested the missionary to return and instruct different chapels built by the League. The Le^^ue

them. Reaching Lake Michigan (where Chicago now S^^H^ ^^ harmony with the Bureau of Cathohc Indian

stands), and paddling along the western shore they Missions, Washington, and its work extends mto al-

came ti the mission of Samt Francis Xavier at th4 most every state in the umon. The League is goyen^

head of Green Bay. Here Marquette remained while ?>" * prudent and a board of directors, consistmg of

Joliet went on to Quebec to announce the tiding? of twenty-five inen of New York and Brooklyn, member-

the discovery. The resulte of this expedition were ^Inp in a St. Vmc«it de PauISociety being no longer

threefold : (1) it gave to Canada and Europe historical, » nec^sary qualification. The wincipal office is m

ethnological, and geographical knowledge hitherto un- New York, witii organizations m Brooklyn, Washmg-

known; (2) it opened vast fields for missionary zeal ^^* Philadelphia, and Worcester,

and added impul^ to colonization; (3) it deterJiined Yolk)'! fiS^esf 'JSSSW f^Zrf^^^^ '^"'' ^""'^

the policy of France m fortifying the Mississippi and Thomas F. Mbehan.

its eastern tributaries, thus placing an effective barrier

to the further extension of the English colonies. A Marriage, Civil. — ^"Marriage", says Bishop, "as

year later (1675) Marquette started for the village of distinguished from the agreement to marry and from

the Illinois Indians whom he had met on his return the act of becoming married, is the civil status of one

voyage, but was overtaken by the cold and forced to man and one woman legally united for life, with the

spend the winter near the lake (Chicago). The follow- ri^hte and duties which, for the establishment of fanir

ing spring he reached the village and said Bfass just ilies and the multiplication and education of the