Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 9.djvu/742

 Ilea, 150 Proteatants, about 300 pagans. The Mar- quesas Islands have been a Vicariate Apoatcdio since 13 April, 184S.

FlQlfT, Lit MUmiont (Puis, ■. d.); 0ielxca {Somt. IB07); WcmHU, Orbit ttrrtmrn Ca- Iholicut (FnibuTs, 1890); Street. AtUu da Mittioni CalA. (Steyl, 19001: HAaninor. Ltt MabtitarnimLi frnn^ait m OiJanit (PWU.18B1); Tdlha, CAoIxCannibobCPuu. 1903): Muuh. Au Loin: BUKniri da lUt Mamiata (Pwi*, ISBl).

J. C. Grey. ■Iaiqnatt« (Sault Ste. Mabie and Marquette),

DlOceSB OF (MaRIANOPOUTANA BT MAXQUeiTENBtsi,

compriHCs the injpcr peninauU aad the adjacent istands o[ tbe State of Michigan, U. S. A. The Jesuit Fathers, Kaymbault and Jogues, were the first priests to step on Michigan soil at Sault Ste. Marie, 1641, but atl they did vas to plant a large cross on the bank of St. Marys River. P^re Rend Menard, on Ids way to Wisconsin, arrived in that region ilurinfc Octo- ber, 1660; overtaken \>y the cold weather he spent the winter at L'Anse amidst great hani^lii JIM, Hin efforts at converting the reiiiipiii Indians were crowne, Claude Allouez pasaeil the on his way to La Pbiiiic Esprit. Aft«r two ye^rs of aant labour he returni>i.i lo Qiu'lie and painted out to his .sij|x^i necessity of estab- lishing a mission at Sault St«. Marie, where Indian tribes were in the haliit of gathering. The su- perior consented to the plan, appointing Father Marquett«(q.

J9 MABQUXTTE

to establish a fort at Detroit. In a short time be coaxed the greater number of the Indians to Detroit, lite fathers saw that it was useless to expend theii energies upon the very worst of the Indiana and French. With the sanction of the superior, Carheil and his faithful companion Joseph Jacques Marcst stripped the chapel of lis portable ornaments and, to save it from desecration, reduced it to ashes (1703). Carheil returned to Quebec; Marest went to the Sioux. Besides these missionaries the following Jesuit Fa- thers laboured at the Sault and Mackinac prior to the abandonment of the two missions; (iabriel Druil- lettes, Louis Andrd, Pierre Bailloquct, and Charlea Albanel- The Sault mission was not revived until 1S34. Cadillac was unable to hold the red man in the lower

Krt of the stale. As soon as he ceased to offer the dians material inducements, they commenced to move back in small and large parties just as they had left. The government could not afford to leave them without any supervision, so they re-manned the feat and asked the Jesuits to take up their la- bours agam. Father Marest was the first to return and take

) the r

sion. He left Mont- real 21 April, 166S. With the help of will- ing hands, Indian and French, he erected a stockaded house and chapel. In 1669 Allouea came again to Quebec, this time asking permission to ea- tAblish a mission at Green Bav, Wisconsin. To avoid further long journeys, the well-experienced missionary Father Claude Dablon was appointed superior of the west«m missions. Arriving at the Sault be sent AI- loues to Green Bay and Marquett« to La Fointe, while he himself remained at the Sault. The following year he spent the winter at Klichlllimackinac, building a chapel there. This chapel was built on the St. Ignace side where Father Marquette took up his residence in the summer of 1671, and remained m charge of the Indian tribes there until 17 May, 1673. He died 18 May, 1675. Two years later the Kiskakons brought his bones to St. Ignace, where they were reinterred beneath the floor of the new chapel, built in 1674 by Father Henry Nouvel and his associate. Father E%ilip Piersoti. In 1683 Jean Enjalran became supe- rior and Pierre Bailloquet his assistant. The French post, instead of protecting and helping the mission, became its ruin. FatherEtiennede Carheil, whosuo- ceeded to the mission in 1686, raised his voice in vig- orous protest to the Governor-General Frontenac against the greed and lust of the trader*, the garrisons, and their commsndeiB. The appointment as com- mander of the St. Ignace poet di Sieur Antoine de la Motte Cadillac increased these evils. Cwnte de Froiitenac died in 1008 and was succeeded by Louis Hector de Oalli^res, who granted Cadillac permiaaiDn IX.— 44

til 1741 only a tent- porary establish ment was maintained. In ]712, under Delj>u- vigny, the French built the fort across the Straits, in the neighbourhood of the present Mackinaw City. Gradually relations between the missionaries and the government ataiin liecame normal. About the year 1741a chapel anil dwelling for the mis- sionary were built u'liliii] i lie stockaded fort. In 17BI the Enga^ih siicoicd'^d the French. Their unpopularity brouglii. uu Lhe Pontiac massacre, 2 June, 1763. In 1779 Major De Pej-ster com- menced a substantial stone fort on Mackinac Island. The chapel in the old fort was taken down and hauled over the ice and re-erected. The island became a fp«at trading post and the gateway to western civilisation. Father Du Jaunay attended the mission for a quarter of a century, but with the removal of the church to the island the Jesuits seem to have given up the control <^ it. After that regular and secular pnests had charge of it, at times they were stationary and then again only paid it an occasional t'tsit. Among them were PSre Guibault, 1775; P*re Payet, 1787; Pdre Le Dru, 1794. Father Michael Levadoux, 1706, was the first to conte under the jurisdiction of an American prelate. Bishop Car- roll. By the treaty of Paris, 3 Sept., 1783, Mackinac became the possession of the Lnited States. The British however, did not evacuate till October, 1796. Major Henry Burbeck took passession of it. On 20 June, 1799, Father Gabriel Richard came to the is- land. He received his jurisdiction from the bishop of Baltimore, but 8 April, 1808, the Diocese of BardHtoWn was erected and Michipkn cameunder the jurisdiction of Bishop Flaget. .\gain, when the Diocese of Cincin- nati was established, 19 June, 1821, Michigan was in- cluded in its territory. Rt. Rev. Edward Fenmck was the first bishop to visit Upper Michigan. Upon the death of this saintly bishop. Detroit was created an episcopal see (1833) and Frederic R£z£ became ita first ordinaiy. During the first National Council id