Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 9.djvu/735

 other dooumeiits, ooataining chiefly Chiut'a dw- „. , „..,.,

Fetrine tradition. perhapBin a Qreek form, mi^t have II. eiOMiq.: Habhace, BnaAitadH -"

been known to Mark also; for the early authoritiea ??^„*^"™i 'nfraLi la •rtUfut to

h.rilyobUg.u.toboklth.the™i.no».o(p,» "SfST^tuS^Sratrii. „.. „„„_., «._.

existing documents. Papias (apud EiU., ' U.E. Ill, bkooxx, Syiurlieoit: Wuon, SynoptuoJIhtOotptUittOTak.

39; P.G. XX, 207) speaks of him aa writing down some "n't nomrff.T. Probltmn; Hawkisb. HoraSynojaica: Wutcdtt.

things as he remembered them, and if Clement of Alex- f.'°™"„,"/ J^Ir2"i r"^^ '^ '^li'^.'/^i'^TZ^^^

andna{ap. Eub., "H. E. VI, U; P.G. XX, 552) rep- EUn,miinihtaoiptU;Ri»s.siuduii«aLeGoiptiKMEtitMta.Tiu

resents the Romans as thinking that he oould wnte EartieM Oomtl; Barht, fA* Tmdiiion of Scripture; Bdmkitt,

.veything f ™. n,™.o,T, it doe. no, ., .U folio, ti^l J'-^''^ i'SLTS.'SSTcJZS.^'S: l^i. "SSn,

he did. Let uB suppoae, then, that Matthew em- OKB.Tiu,RrumtT«iiimorjtna,tb.ia;aTiDnos.Th,aottHUui

bodied the Petrine tradition in his Aramaic Gospel, HUiorvaiDoamtntiifwMll): Warn. Da>aiir,te Hvanedimm;

and that Mark afterwards used it or rather a Greek u'M^r^'%Zi'!i^^ i^%^^,drR%l"ii0nd^T^

form of it somewhat different, combining with it rem* Pnmien Eaangiliiiei. '

' » of Peter's discourses. If, in addition to J. MacRobt.

UxlUlU* du JV. T^ ROBBBACH.

tiia otber BynoptiaM: Rimb-

this, we suppose the Greek transUitor of Matthew to,. . «, „

have made use of our present Mark for his phraseology, „ ""« ,»»* HWCrtlUn, Saints, martyred at

we have quite a possible means of accounting for ffie ™>ine under Diocletian towards the end of the third

similaritiee and dissimilaritien of our first two Gospels, century, most likalym 286. These martyrs, who were

and we are free at the same time to accept the tradi- brothers, are mentioned m moat of the ancient mar-

tional view in regard to the priority of Matthew. Luke tyrologies on 18 June, and their raartjrdom is known

might then be held to have used our present Mark or «> "» I™™ the Acts of bt. Sebastian which, thou^ m

perhaps an earUer form of the Petrine tradition, com- great part legendary, are nevertheless very ancient,

bining with it a source or sources which it does not be- Cast into prison for bemg Christians, they were visited

long to the present article to consider. by their father uid mother, Tranquillinua and Martia,

Of course the existence of early documents, such as ""O- being still idolaterB, implored them to return to

are here supposed, cannot be directly proved, unless ^ worship crf1:he false gods to save their lives. But

the spade should diance to disclose them; but it is not Seba**"*", "nose apprqachmg martyrdom was to ren-

at all unprobable. It is reasonable to think that not »ler hun illustnous, havmg penetrated into their prison

many yeani eUpsed att«r Christ's death before aU »» *J» same time, exhorted them bo earnestly not to

tempts were made to put into written form some ac- abandon the Christian Faith, that henot only rendered

oount of His words and works. Luke tells us that theirfidelity immovable, butalaoconverterftheirpai^

many such attempts had been made before he wrote; onts and seveial of their friends who were present,

and It needs no effort to believe that the Petrine form "he i udge, before whom they were at length brought,

of the Gospel had been committed to writing brfore not being able to mduoe them to apoaUtae c<»-

the Apostles separated; that it disappeared after- demned tbem to death. They were buned m the Via

wards WouU not be wonderful, seeing tlwt it was em- Ardeatina, near the cemetery of Domitilla. Their

bodied in the Gospels. It is hardly neceaaary to add IwUes were translated at a, later date {which is not

that the use of earlierdocunienu by an inspired writer quite certain, but probably m the ninth century) to

is quite intelligible. Grace does not di^nae with t** church of Sta. Cosmas and Damian, wh^ they

states distinctly that his book ia an abridgment of an "^y ^ ^een an ancient painting wherein the two mar-

earherwork(IIM8ch.,ii,24,27),andSt.Lnketellsua tyrs are represented with a third person who seems

that before undertaking to write his Gospel he had be the Blessed Virgm. „.„„,„..

inquired diligently into all things fifm the beginning .S^.i^^.^"^^:^ I^^- S^^^^^i)}^'^..

(Luke, 1, 1), Ada SS.. Ill, June (Antwerp, ITDl), SW-^71: Masuccbi. L€

There ia no reason, therefore, why Catholics should mmorit dti lanii Marco t MantUiano nti timtUro di Domima

be timid aboutadmittiag, if necessary, the dependence 'i^^^j^^'SSS di 5^7^". V (S^e'^09) ^ffi of the inspired evangelists upon earlier documents, Lion CtuONBt.

and, in view of the difficulties against the other

theorioB, it is well to bear this posaihility in mind in Mark of Uabon (properly Makcos da Bilta),

attempting to account for the puzzling relations of friar minor, historian, and Bishop of Oporto in Fortu-

Mark to the other two synoptiats. gal, b. at Lisbon (date of birth uncertem); d. in 1691.

Com roEiii stun. AoionsCstholla:— Therarllest.irtbework While visiting the principal convents of the Fr^ncis-

beindeedliu.vuVicTTORorAHTiocnCfifth-'aizthcantuiyi.iM can Orderin Spain, Italy, and France, at the instance

Sf"xSSpS!S^?ii^l"S,iSiS^?i'lfS^S ol the mi«., B«„„l, F, A«d« Alv™, h. .u.^

Ei)TBiH]Ds(tweirtbuiituiy)mP,o,cxxiX:BRin(oAnEHuii ceeded in sallecting a number of original documents

CtweVth oentury) in P.L. CLXV: Albertub Haiihiib and 9r. hearing upMi the history of the order. Previous to

.„,.. ithcHnturyliCAt- had instructed all the provincials of tlie Order to collect

tTCMihteenthcenturjiote. SioMtba middle □(tbeninetecath all documents they could find pertaining to the fif-

.JStdfSf'p'SiS ffi/K'KSS'MrISS; t»nth ..ntury to, th. puipoo. o^ntiimi-g th= ■ C«-

(1870); MacEyilly (IS77); ScBAHi (1881); Filuon (1883): formities' of Bartholomew of Pisa. A peat part rd

"*'•",.*.'.???' ^J""""- ti**3'j.K!i; "«!!■*'"■ (18M1; TiETBK- the material thus brought together was given to Mark

(IKXI.

o'^T'^w"" "f I'^^ra^ '""''^ oentury, for the purpose of continuing the " Coo-

I; ScBANi (1881); FiLuoN {1883)- formities" of Bartholomew of Pisa. A peat part o*

•-..^iST^'-A """■ ^"^'aSi;""^"*""" (l8Ml;_Tii!mK- the material thus brought together was given to Mark

^ (ISM); CscLEHAKs (1888); GrrjAaR 0904); Rm< q! Lisbon; with the aid of which, and of theChrwiicle

AmoM Protwianta:— Some of the prindud am Eii«luh- of Marianus of Florence and what he had himself col-

t;nBi>nStV): Coot \a Speaker' tC''Sl7'i:wiiSi ;'a™i* of th. F™ MmoP!, p„bll.l«d .t L«*«

Hoi,i»iiA»Ka802). "■Ann iiour,, ™-w *j. ij,i558_fl8. This work has gone through several edi-

BenduwriteraooIntRxlueUoii to theN. T. aurhu AsvRLB, tions; and has been translated into Italian, French,

ft^f^K ^Sf™;>i?"'G^D« ^zJ^^ESr^Edtob^^h' »"^ Spanish, and partly into English. The Italian

IIKW). JounieH, s*lmok, Baco'h sod mivSbuton to Bihiic*! translation bv Horatio Diola, bearing the title " Croni-

dlrtton»ri€8ofattlcl*»onthoSBamdQMpel«uch»i.MAi(o»HOT ohe degli Ordlni instituti dal P, S. Francesco" (Voft-

Si£"MTrs,t'jsSi5r;ra;ii'2'ES£iS^t i»,i606)i.p.rii.p.thohe,tk„ow„otti««™iih,

DZL In fimvcbparfia BMiai, tbt folloirinc may be oonnilMd :— one most often quoted, because the most aoceBmhta.