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cardinals present in Rome, 39 in number, entered the conclave on 4 April, and four days later Cardinal Mar- cello Cervini was elected pope, although the emperor had instructed his cardinals to prevent his election. Contrary to custom, Cervini, like Adrian VI, retained his old name of Marcello and was called Marcellus II. On the following day, 10 April, he was consecrated bishop, for, though he had administered the Dioceses of Nicastro, Reggio, and Gubbio, he had not yet received episcopal consecration. He was crowned pope on the same day, but without the customary solem- nity, on account of the Lenten season. The new pope had been one of those cardinals who were desirous of an inner reform of the Church. While administrator of Reggio he undertook a thorough visitation of the diocese in 1543, and abolished abuses wherever they were found. Immediately upon his accession he took the work of reform in hand; he died after a reign of only 22 days, of a sickness resulting from over- exertion duringthe pontifical functions of Holy Week and Easter. Falcstrina entitled one of his famous polyphone masses "Missa Papee Marcelli^' in his nonour. This mass was not, however, as is often as- serted, chanted in the presence of Marcellus II; it was not composed until after the death of this pope.

PoLTDORUS, De vUa gettis el moribua MarceUi IT, Papa (Kome, 1744) ; Pastor, Oetchichte der Paepste seit dem Atugang dea MiUdaUera, V (Freibunt im Br., 1900), passim; Ehseb, Conct7tum Trideniinum, I (Fr^burg im Br., 1900), IV (1904), passim; NtmtiaturberichU aua DeiUachland nebal ergaemenden AHmduecken, Y, October, 1539-November. 1540 (Qotha, 1908), passim, especially 249 sq.; see also bibliography under Trent, Ck>UNaL or.

Michael Ott.

MarcelluB of Anc3rra, one of the bishops present at the (Jounciis of Ancvra and of Nicsea, a strong oppo- nent of Arianism, but in his zeal to combat Arius adopting the opposite extreme of modified Sabellian- ism and being several times condemned, dying de-

S rived of his see c. a. d. 374. A few years after the buncil of Nicsea Marcellus wrote a book against Asterius, a prominent Arian. In this work he main- tained that the trinity of persons in the Godhead was but a transitory dispensation. God was originalljy only One Personality, but at the creation of the uni- verse the Word or Logos went out from the Father and was God's Activity in the world. This Logos became incarnate in Christ and was thus constituted Son of God. The Holy Ghost likewise went forth as third Divine Personality from the Father and from Christ according to St. John, xx, 22. At the consum- mation of all things, however (I Cor., xv, 28), Christ and the Holy Ghost will return to' the Father and the Godhead be a^ain an absolute Unity. The bishops at Jerusalem havmg condemned his works, Marcellus was firstdeposed at Constantinople in 336 at a council imder the presidency of Eusebius of Nicomedia, the Arian, and Basil of Ancyra appointed to his sec. Marcellus sought redress at Rome from Julius I, who in the autumn of 340 declared Marcellus innocent of the charges brought against him, and reinstated him in his see. Constantius, when threatened by his brother, allowed the restoration of Athanasius, Marcellus and others to their sees in 348. Marcellus' re- turn was resisted by the populace of Ancyra, but he succeeded in occupying his see for a few years, only to be finally deposed by the Macedonian faction at Con- stantinople and succeeded by Basil, c. 353. St. Athanasius himself at last recognized Marcellus' heter- odoxy; Pope Damasus likewise, in 380, and the Second General Council pronounced against him. Eusebius of Giesarea wrote against him two works: '* Contra Marcellum", an exposition of Marcellus' doctrine, and "On the Theology of the Church," a refutation of Marcellus.

Zahn, Marcellus of Ancyra (Gotha, 1867); Loors. SUzber. dtr Berlin. Academie (Berlin, 1902), 764 sqq.

J. P. Arendzen.

March, Auzias, Catalan poet, b. perhaps in the last quarter of the fourteenth century, at Valencia; d. there in 1458. He is the greatest lyric poet of the older period of Catalan literature, and among for- eigners is one of the best to realise the spirit of Petrarch's love lyric. A knowledge of Dante^s work is also apparent in his poetical imagery, which rises superior to that of the troubadour poetry still written by March's contemporaries. According to report, March was a soldier of fame and took part in the expe- dition of Alfonso V of Aragon against Naples; this report needs verification. He certainly came of a noble stock, and seems to have contracted marriage twice. His extant poems consist of ninety-three love songs (or Cants d amor) and eight death songs or elegies {Cants de mart), besides some moralising poems {Cants morals), a long Cant espiritual, and a brief "Demanda fcta a la Senyora Na Tecla de Borja". The lady celebrated in the love lyrics is said to have been a fair gentlewoman of Valencia, Teresa Bou (or Monboy), whom March met for the first time — even as Petrarch had met his Laura — in church on a Good Friday. Following Petrarch's example, the Catalan poets sings her not only in life, but also in death. In these compositions March reveals himself as a genuine poet, in spite of the occasional obscurity of his Jines. It is to be remembered also to his credit that the Catalan language was a very imperfect medium for poetical expression when he began to write, so that he had many difl^culties to overcome when seeking to give utterance to subtle poetic thought such as IV trarch had set down in the far more supple Italian. In the ''Cants morals" he brings an indictment agAJnat the contemporary society for its materialism aim am- fulness; while in the "Cant espiritual he arraiAiui himself for his own shortcomings. The "DemanSi^ is a poetical epistle of slight account. It is a notahh fact that in his own time Mareh was already lauded m a great poet by the well-informed Castilian, the Mmt-' quis of Santillana. In the sixteenth century his lyiici were translated twice into Castilian, first by Haltaaar de Romani (printed in 1539, four years before the fini edition of the original Catalan text), and again bj Jorge de Montemayor. His influence is clear in a number of the leading poets writing in Spanish in thtt same century, such as Boscan, Garcilaso de la Vegm and Mendoza.

Among modern editions of the work of March see that off Barcelona, 1864. and that also of Barcelona, of 1888, aeitber off which is very good. Cf. Rubio t Ors, Atitiaa M. y tu 4poem (Barcelona, 1862); Paqes, DocumenU irUdita reltUifa it ia wU (TA.M. in Romania, XVII, 186; Morel-Patio in QrAbbk, Orundriaa der roman. Philologie, II, ii, 79; and Dbnk, EinftUk- rttng in die Geachichte der altcatalaniachen LiUeratitr CHunidl. 1893), 567 sqq. (a book to be used with caution).

J. D. M. Ford. March, John. See Harbor Grace, Diocese of.

Marchand, Jean Baptiste, second prmcipal in order of succession of the Sulpician College of Montreal and missionary of the Detroit Hurons at Sandwich Ont.; b. at Verch^res, Que., 25 Feb., 1760, son of Louis Marchand and Marguerite de Niverville; d. at Sandwich, 14 Apr., 1825. Marchand was ordained 11 March, 1786, affiliated to the Sulpician Seminary of Montreal, 21 Oct., 1788, and thereupon named pnn* cipal of what is now called Montreal Collep;e. This institution was cradled in the presbytery oi M. Jean Baptiste Curateau de la Blaiserie, S.S., parish priest at Longue Pointe, an outlying village; the first stu* dents having been received there about the year 1767. It was removed to the city 1 Oct., 1773, and installed in the old Chateau Vaudreuil, Jacques Cartier Souare, where it was known as St. Raphael s College untu 1803 when the Chdteau was destroyed by fire. M. Mar- chand's administration of St. Raphaers lasted till 1796, when the death occurred of M. Francois Xavier Dufaux, S.S., missionary to the Hurons at Assimiption Parish opposite Detroit, at what is now Sandwich, and