Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 9.djvu/683

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^2 or Cod. BeraHnus (sixth century; at Berat in Al- bania), contains Matt, and Mark.

1, or Cod. Patirensia (fifth century; in the Vatican), contains Act., Cath. and Paul. Epp.

The American MS, of the Gospds (fifth century), found in Egypt, 1907, has not yet been published; nor have the f ra^ents of the Pauline Epistles (sixth cen- tury) which were foimd at the same time.

(d) Vellum minuscules. — ^The vast nimibers of minus- cule witnesses to the text of the New Testament would seem to indicate a rich field of investigation for the text-critic. The field is not so rich at all. Many of these minuscules have never been fully studied. Ninety-five per cent, of them are witnesses to the same type of text, that of the textus recejdtta. Only those mmuscules interest the text-critic which are distinctive of or akin to one of the great uncials. Among the Gospel minuscules, according to Gregory's numeration, the type of Bk is seen more or less in 33; 1, 118, 131. 209; 59, 157, 431, 496, 892. The type of D is that of 235, 431, 473, 700, 1071; and of the "Ferrar group", 13, 69, 124, 346, 348, 543, 713, 788, 826, 828. Among the Acts minuscules, 31 and 61 show some kinship to B; 137, 180, 216, 224 to D. 15, 40, 83, 205, 317, 328, 329, 393 are grouped and traced to the fourth century text of Euthalius of Sulca. Among the Pauline minus- cules, this same text (i. e. that of H.) is found in 81, 83, 93, 379, 381.

(e) Lectionaries. — ^There are soi^e 1100 MSS. of readings from the Gospels (Evangdia or Evangdiaria) and 300 MSS. of readings from Acts and Epistles (Praxapostoli), Although more than 100 of these lectionaries are imcials, they are of the ninth century or later. Verv few of these books of the Epistles and Gospels have been critically examined. Such exami- nation may later on serve to group the New Testa- ment minuscules better and help to localize them.

Scrivener, IrUroduetum to the CrittcUm of the New TeatamerU (1894): Greoort. TextkrUik des N. T. (1900): Die Oriechiechen Handechriften dee N. T. (1908); Harris, Further reeearehea into the hutory of the F error-group (1900).

IV. Latin MSS. — Biblical MSS. are far more imi- form in Greek than in Latin script. Palseography divides the Greek into uncials and minuscules; the Latin into uncials, semi-uncials, capitals, minuscules and cursives. Even these divisions have subdivisions. The time, place and even monastery of a Latin MS. may be traced by the very distinct script of its text.

(1) Old Latin. — Some 40 MSS. have preserved to us a text which antedates the translation of St. Jerome; they are designated by small letters. Unfortunately no tw D of these MSS. represent to us quite the same text. Corrections introduced by scribes and the in- evitable influence of the Vulgate have left it a very difficult matter to group the Old Latin MSS. Text- critics now agree upon an African, a European and an Italian type of text. The African text is that men- tioned by Tertullian (c. 150-220) and used by St. Cy- prian (c. 200-258); it is the earliest and crudest in style. The European text is less crude in style and vocabulary, and may be an entirely new translation. The Italian text is a version of the European and was revised by St. Jerome in parts of the Vulgate. The most important Old Latin MSS. are the bilingual New Testament MSS. D, D,, E-, E3, F3, Gj, A.

a, or Cod. Verceliensis (fourth century; at Vercelli), containing the Gospels.

b, or Cod. Veronenaia (fifth century; at Verona), containing Gospels on purple vellum, a and b are our chief witnesses to the European text of the Gospels.

e, or Cod. Palatinus (fifth (jentury; at Vienna, — one leal is in Dublin), contains the Gosp. For Acts, e is lAt. of Ej; for Paul. Epp., e is Lat of E3.

f, or Cod. Brixianus (sixth century; at Brescia), con- tains Gosp. on purple vellum; Italian type, thought by Wordsworth and White to be the best extant repre-

sentative of the Old Latin text which St. Jerome used when revising the New Testament.

ffj, or Cod. Corbeiensia (fifth century; at Paris), con- tains the Gospels.

g, or Cod.Cfigaa (thirteenth century; at Stockholm), a complete Bible; Acts and Apoc. are in Old Latin text and are the chief representative of the European type.

n, or Palimpsest de Flewry (sixth century; at Paris), contains fragments of Acts, Cath., Ep. and Apoc.; African type.

k^ or Cod. Bolnensis (fourth or fifth oentuoy; at Turm), contains Mark, viii-xvi. Sand Matt., i-xv; earliest form of Old Latin, African type,* closely akin to text used by Saint Cyprian.

q, or Cod. Monacensis (sixth or seventh century; at

Munich), contains Gospels; Italian type of text.

BuRKiTT, The Old Latin and the Itata (Cambridce, 1806); Wordsworth, San day, and White, Old Latin BibReal TexU (Oxford, 1883-97) ; Gregory, TextkrUik dee N. T. (1900).

(2) Vttlgate (a. v.). — It is estimated that there are more than 8000 MSS. of the Vulgate extant. Most of these are later than the twelfth century and have very little worth for the reconstruction of the text. Tisch* endorf and Berger designate the chief MSS. by abbre- viations of the names: am.= Amiatinus; fu. or fuld.» Fuldensis. Wordsworth and White, in their critical edition of the Gospel and Acts (1899-1905), use Latin capitals to note the 40 MSS. on which their text de- pends. Gregory (Textkritik, II, 634) numbers 2369 MSS. The most logical and useful grouping of these MSS. is genealogical and geographical. The work of future critics will be to reconstruct the text by recon- structing the various types, Spanish, Italian, Irish, French, etc. The chief Vulgate MSS. are: —

A, or Cod. Amiatinus (q. v.) (eighth century; at Florence), contains complete Bible; text probably Italian, best extant MS. of Vulgate.

C, or Cod. Cavensis (ninth century; at La Cava, near Naples), a complete Bible; best representative of Spanish type.

A^^or Coa. Dundmensis (seventh or eighth centmy; in vurham Cathedral, England), Gospels; text akm to A.

F, or Cod. Fuldensis (a. d. 641-546; at Fulda, in Germany), a complete New Testament; Gospels are in form of Tatian's ''Diatessaron". Bishop Victor of Capua found an Old Latin version of Tatian's ar- rangement and substituted the Vulgate for the Old Latm.

G, or Cod. Sangermanensis (ninth century; at Paris), contains the Bible. In Acts, Wordsworth uses it more than any other MS.

H, or Cod. Hubertianus (ninth century; in Brit. Mus., London), a Bible; Theodulfian type.

$f or Cod. Theodulfianus (ninth century; at Paris), a Bible; Theodulfian type.

K, or Cod. Karolinus (ninth century; in Brit. Mus., London), a Bible; Alcuin's type. See V.

O, or Cod. Oxoniensis (seventh century; at Oxford, in Bodl.), contains Gosp.; text English, affected by Irish influences.

O2, or Cod. Oxoniensis, or Selden Acts (eighth cen- tury; at Oxford, in Bodleian), contains Acts; Irish type.

Q, or Cod. Kenanensis, Book of Kdls (q. v.) (eighth century; in Trinity College, Dublin), contains Gosp.; Irish type.

S, or Cod. StonyhuTstensis (seventh century; at Stonyhurst College, England), contains John; text akin to A and probably written near Durham.

V, or Cod. VaUicellianus (ninth century; at Rome, in Vallicelliana), a Bible; Alcuin's type. See K.

Y, or Cod. lAndisfamensis (seventh century; in Brit. Mus., London), Gospels. Liturgical directions in text show it is a copy of a MS. written in Naples; text akin to A.