Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 9.djvu/673

 MAHUSORIPTS

022

MAHUSORIPTS

patioD of the time, the^ modclii xometiiuus variiHl; the rpproduction from an ancient origiiial of the

Lence Byiaiitiiie art has luidcrgonc a dcvelopmtMit third-fourth century; eome pictures, Buca aa th&t irf

more apparent tlian real. Under present conditions, David tending his flocks, have a quite Poropeianfreah-

without seeking to determine the M'houlH. wc must i>e ness. Antique influence uuikcs itself felt by a lar^

content to indicate the jirini'liiu] groujM of MS.S. Fiflk nunilier of HllcBories personified and draped in Heilemc

i- (2J the

nnil theological psalter which the iiiiniaturcs placed in the margin follow the text Btep by step. The Chloudov Psulter of Moscow (ninth cent.),tho(ieof Vatopcdi (tenth cent.), the Vatican (Barberini I.il.rary: dated 1059), etc. are ihe principal apecimena oFlhisclass. Some miniatui^s of thc'Chloudov Psalter rep- resent episo<]e8 of the Icono- clastic conflict, Another MS. often illustrated at this period WHS the"Menolo^on", which contained sometimes Ijosidea the liturgical calendar, on ab- lircviulion of the lives of the saints for each day. The most ct-lfhrated is that of the Vat- ican, decorated for Basil II (!)7t)-llL'5) by seven artisU who left, their names attached to each miniature. A great variety of colours relieved a rather extreme monotony of iiispinition; everj'whcre are htlectural Inickicrounds, the same ... - iKt of thesanie landscopcs. The

Indicopleastes (Vatican), a monk of Sinai: in thiM,t4i- Ijcautifiil MS. of the "Homilies "of Gre^oiy of Naci-

gether with symbolic rciwcsenlalioiis of various purls enzus (Paris. Bib. Nat., (ir. 510: end of nmth century)

of the worl<.t,~are many kcciics and iierBOiiagi^ of the won composed fur Basil II; it isunfortunatelydamaeed

Bible, painted opposite (he text, with the MS. it«elf aa but it presents a remarkable series of the most varied

bocksround. veiy difTcrcnt U the illustration of pictures (portniils of St. Ciregor)- of Naiienkusand

ncdical MSS.. such as the paM^ "^ Busil I; sessions of Coun

" Diowsirides of Vifiinu,

exocul«d alMut the yi-ar

6UI), for Juliana. ilauglitiT

of Flocidia. Ilereiiu itrr

found real pictures {'(niii'd

from ancient originals (juir-

trait.s of jjhy.-iiciatis and cif

Juliaiiii).

EigliA lo Eleventh Ccii-

hi(T(.— The Iconocliisiic

crisis was fatal to lllunii-

natioHj aiul tininted MSS.

were either mutilated or de-

atroved. Ait attempt was

inuile to substitute fur re- reptewnt:

(aid iSixlh Cewfurics.— .Sevtml of the Biblical tiSA. gold letters on purple [Mrch- m(»it havf lieen rightly com- pared with one another, viz. the fjcnesis of the Imperial library of Vieima, the Kvaii- seliarium of Hossano, and the Iragmeikt of the Go'iiiel of St. Matthew discovered at Sino|)e (dnce 1900 in the Bib. Nat., Paris). In these three MSS. the painting lia.s an anecdotic character: it is intended lo illustrate the text, and eomo- tinwH two pcriod.4 of a scene are represented in a picture. Botli the e^'angeliaries show a bearded face of Cluist. ma- jestic and severe, which already suggests tiie " Pantocrutor" of church cupolas. From the same period date two works which appear to lie f hn tran- scription on parcliinent of lui oricinal on papyrus: one in tho Roll of Josue in the Vatican Library, w h ich displays a scries ofmi[iiaturc9i,elevoiiyar(Ubng,n'latiiigto the histoiy found the s of Josue; (lie olJier Is the MS. nf thewyage of Cosnuis aulIeriiiKs ir

purely < Prolwbl,

ital a

Proliably lo this scliool be- longs an evangeliuiy of Paris(Bib. Nat., Ur.G:{),in which the motifs of deco- ration are borrowed from flora and fauna. The tri- umph d images in the elev- enth ccnturj- wiis also the triumph iif n-ligious ntin- iatuR! painting, which together with calligniphy underwent git'at development

cils; BibUcal scenes, etc.). Tliis period was decidedly the gol<len age of Byzantine illumination. The MSS., even those which lack pic- tures, liavc at least oma- mcnted initial letters, which in the earlier examples are verj- simple, but in course of tmie became surrounded with foliage, in the midst of which animals or small figures <lisported them- selves. (These initials, how- ever, never attains the SH me dimensions as in West- cm MSS.)

Turlfih Cenlurv.— The lofty IradhifT ' "

were upheld until the fall  Psalter, uf which the )iiiintJnRS derivedfrom ancient models (suchaatheRoll of Joeuc).

C(xn[>riso two elements: iIh- scenes of t\w history of TJu' specimen at the Seraglio was coinposeil for Prince

David, aiui the s^-mholie allusiimK to the life of Christ Isaac, sonnfAlexiusICumnenus, AMS.whosepictures

ermtiiineil iTi the Psahns. Tlu-n* are lo 1* disiin- exerejsrd grciil influenre on By;!unline art is lliat of

gui.^lKilfn theiirlstiicniiiiri'willer. n-prescnlcil livlhe Ihe " II'lmili(■^ un tlic Vin-nn"! by .I:inie', a monk of

I'salli-r ..f I'lris (t!r. ];!ilj: (he miniatures extend over Cosynoly.iphd-^ (Vatican. 1 H>2; Paris, VJOS). The ui-

i/ic rrifu7e/Mi£(within a rich border, and appear to bu itiuls are remarkable for richness, and the p '