Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 9.djvu/662

 UAKTELLETTA

now at Humplon Court, which bo liiul iH'Kiin lUHiii after his arrival in Muntua. IVm work in thu Vaticuii was another interruption, but onhia return to Mantiu in 1490 he continu^ thifl, thn greatest of his worka, which was completed in 140-1.

In 1-195 he painted an ultur-piece in conuncmonitiuQ of the marquess's victory at Fornovo. Tliia nicture, the "Madonna dclla Vittorja", is now at the Louvre. The " Madonna and Saints ", painted for the church of <>anta Maria in Organo, Verunu, waa liniHlied in 1497. Another ser^ of paintings was that executed for the Marchioness laaliclla aa decorations tor lier study. These were " The Triumph of Wisdom", " Pamaasua'', and "The Masque of Comus", the last-nanieelon(ilie "iSIadonna and Saints", now in the National Ualleiy, the "Dead Christ", in the Brera, Milan, and " The Triumph of Sdpio", in the Nulional (iallerv. Mantegna's work is gnincily conceived and severely beautiful. His manner has been called dry and liaid, but he exhibits inan-ellous art in his modelling of form and disposing of drapery, as well as great knowledge of design. lie was one of the earliest I tali;iD engravers on copper, 1 lut few of the pLites attributed to him

V ASAM, A ndna Man- (4fu,eil. S«NBoKi(Floi- en(w.l878}lCRt>WKAHD C*TAl,CAliriJ.E. Hi*, o/ painting in N. Italy, I  colour; for the other dignitaries, the Kime distinctions lM.'ing made, the ct^our is violet or bl:ick with a violet border. Curdinals and liJHlinps Iwloiiping to oniera whieb have a distinctive dress, also alilHila -who arc en- titled to wvar the manlellctin, retain for it the colour of the huliit of liie onler. The vestment is made of silk only when it is worn liy eutilinnU or liv bishops or

E relates lielonginR to the napal court. The niaiitel- tta isproliablyconnectnl with llie mantrJlum of the canlinals in tlic "Ortio" of Crcgorj- X (1271-127(1) and with the ntind-HMm of the prelates in the "Ordo" of I'etrus Amelius (d. 1401), which was a. vestment similar to a scapular.

Tbe mnnielhne, the outer vestment of the prelates, differs from the mantelletta by Iteing longer and hav- ing wiiiK-like sleeves.

Barbikh ns UoTTAULT, Traitf ptali/iur dr la eonrlrui-liiin dn igliict, II, 517 an.

Joseph Bkavx.

Huitiut, DiorESE OF (Mas'titana), in Lombordy. The city is situated on the Mincio Kivcr, which sur- rouniLt it entirely, and forms the sn-ampy lowlands that help to make Mantua the strongest fortrc^ in Italy, but infect its atmosphere. Maiitunisof l-;tru3-

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i-aii origin, and prescrvetl its ICtrusean charotter aa lateas the timeof I'liiiy; even now KOine ruins of t hut period are found. The possession of Mantua was eon- tested for a long lime by the Ryiantines and the Ijomlmrds; in tiOl tlic latt«r, banng obtained definite success in that struggle, establisbeu the capital of one <if thoir eountiesnt Abiutuu. I'rom the ninth centun', oA elsewhere in Northern Italy, the authority of the bishop ediiL<ed that of the count, and the emperors gave to the bisliops nuiny sovereign rights, e^pci'ially that of coiiii[ig nioiiev. In the eleventh century Mantua was under the Counts of Canosaa, and became involved in the wars lictwccu the popes and the cm- pirc; in lODl Henry IV took possesc^ion of the city, after a sie^gc of scvx'Ti montlis. At the death of Countess Matilda ( 11 1.5), Mantua became a commune, "salva imperial! justitia". In the wars of the Lom- Itard cities against Frederick Burliuros^a, Mantua was at first on the side of the empire, led by Bishop Ciarsendouio, who in eansequenee was driven from the city and deposed by Alexander III. after which (1161) Mantua formed port of the Lombard League. After the poace of Venice, tiaiBendonio was sJ- lowed to return, and then began a period of economical pn^ Teas, manifested more especially in the changing of the course of the Mincio, the buildi[ig of the Palazzo deila Rog- ione(I19S), and the construction of the covered bridiie (1188). Mantua took part in the second Lombard League against Frederick II, was besieged by him in Mantua 123A, and' surren-

Cuinpiinile XII wniuw dered In the follow-

ing ye-ir. Eszelino da Romano also besieged the city in V2'>R, and the Mantuans bad a considerable part in the war that overthrew that tyrant in 1259. There followed a period of internal struggle for predominance among the families of Casalolili, Arlotti, Uonoccorsi, and Zanecalli. In 127ii, Uvo captains of the people were created for the administration of justice, but one of tiiem, Pinamonte Ilonacrolsi, nut to death his colleague, Ottonello Zanecnili, and thereby re- mained sole master of the city, the government of which he left to his son; the latter, howe\-cr, was obliged to resign in favour of his cousin Guido, thence- forth known as Siijnnre (lord). Guido was succeeded by his brother Kinalilo, who conquered Modcna, but he made himself odious, and was murdered, while the lonlsbip iiosseil t-O Lodovico Luigi (Jiinxaga (1328), in whose family it remained until 1708. Luigi became imperial vicar in i:i29; ho van a protector of letters, e:>[x.-ci:illv of Petran-Ji; Ubc his successors, Luigl it {i;i6-!>2), and Cianfrincesco I {13S2-1407). he had to cont-end with the Viseuntl of Milan, Ciianfnin- ci-sco II ilH>7-U), on the other hand, after bavinj comniandud the Venetian troops against the Vis- conti, entcTed the service of the latter, thereby be- coming arbiter of the situation, and assuring great tranquillity to his state, which conscrjuently began to flourish. He was also a friend of letters. In 142.3 Vittorino da Feltre established at Muntua tba famous school known as "Casa Giocosa". In 1432, (ii.aiifraiiccHco rei-ei ved the title of marquess from Ebv