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S&T07 emerged as the aati-pope, Felix V, by whom he was made a cordioftl; George of Saluizo, who pul>- lished ^yoodical constitutiona for the reform of the clergy; Cardinal GiuUano delta Rovero (1472-76), who in 1603 ascended the papal throne aa Julius II.

Meanwhile the bishops of Lauuanne. who had been Counts irf Vaud since the time of Rudolf III of Bur- gundy (1011), and until 1218 subject only to imperial authority^ were in 1270 made princes of the Holy Roman Empire, but their temporal power only ex- tended over a small part of the diocese, namely, over the city and district of Lausanne, as well as a (ew towns and villages in the Cantons of Vaud and Kri- bourg; on the other hand, the bishops possessed many feoffees among the moat distinguished of the patrician families of Western Switaeriand. The guardians of the ecclesiastical property (advocali, avouee) of the

The Cantons of Vaud, XeucLiilel, and lienie, w«ra entirely lost to the See of Lausanne by the Refornur tion. By the French Constitution Civile du Clei^ (1790) the parishes of the French Jura fell to the Dio- cese of Belfey, and thia waa confirmed by the Concor- dat of 1801. In 1814 the parishes of Soleure, in 1828 those of the Bemeae Jura, and in 1864 also Ihat dis- trict of Beme on the left bank of the Aar were at- tached to the See of Basle. In compensation, Piua VII aadgned, in a papal brief of 20 September, 1819, the city of Geneva and twenty parishes belonging to the old Diocese of Geneva (which in 1815 had become Swias) to the See of I-auaanne. The bishop (in 1815 Petrus Tobias Yenni) retained his residence at Fri- bourg, and sine* 1821 has home the t itlo and arms of the bishops of Lausanne and Geneva. His vicar general r©- sides&tUeneva.and is always parish priest of that city.

of kyburg, lastly, the counts (later dutes) of Savoy. These guardians, whose only duty originally was the protectimi of the diocese, enlargcti their jurisdiction at the expense of the dioceaan rights and even filled the episcopal see with members of iheir families. Weanacmte quarrels nsulted, during which the city of Lauaanoe, with t)ie aid of Beme and Fribourg, ac- quired new righto, and gradually freed itself from episoopal suierainty. When Bishop Sebastian de Htmtfaueoa (1517-fiO) took sides with the Duke of Savoy in a battle against Beme, the Bemeae used this as a pretext to seize the city of I^kuaanne. On 31 March, 1636, Hans Frani Niigeli entered Lauaanne as «onqimor, abolished Catbolicism, and began a re- ligious revolution. The bishop was obliged to fly, the enJesiaatical treasure was takea to Beme, the cathe- dnJ chapter was dissolved (and has never been le- estaUislMd), wlule the cathedral was given over to PretestontiHn. Biahop Sebastian died an exile in 1660, and his three suoceaaora were likewise exilea. It WM only in 1610, under Biahop Joharm VII of Watte- Tille, tfakt the see was i>rovisionBlly re-eatablished at FrOxnirg, where it has ainoe remained.

IT. Geneva (Qenata, or Grneva, also Janta and

GF.NUA),capitalof the Swiss canton of the sanke name, situated where the Rhone Ijsues from the Luke of Geneva (Locus Lemanta), first appears in history as a border town, fortified against the Helvetians, which the Romans took in 120 a. c. In a. d. 443it wan taken by Burgundy, and with the latter fell to the Franks in 534. In 88S the town was part of the new Kingdom of Burgundy, and with it was taken over in 1033 by the German Emperor. According to legendary ae- counts found in the works of Gregorio Lcti ("Historia Genevrina", Amsterdam, I63S) and Besson ("M6- mobes pour I'histoire eccl^aiaatique dcs dioceses de Geneve, Tarantaise_, Aoste et llauricnne", Nancy, 1759; new ed. Moutiera, 1871), Geneva was Christian- ized by Dionj^iua Areopagita and Paracodus, two of the seventy-two diaciplea, in the time of Bomilian; Dionyaius went thence to Paria, and Paracodus be- came the first Bishop of Geneva. This legend, bow- ever, is fictitious, as is that which makes St. Naiarius the first Biahop of Geneva, an error arising out of the similarity between the Latin namea GeTiava (Geneva) and  logue de St. Pierre", which ^ves St. Diogenus (Dio- genes) aa the first Biahop of Geneva, ia untrustwortlyr.