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educational institution. His worl^ "Sur I'^tude et Windisch to Constance (q. v.). Besson has made it I'enseigncment des lettres", published in 1828, was probable that, between 549 and 585, the see was di- understood to embody the programme which he pro* vided and the real seat of the bishops of Windisch posed to follow at Ponlevoy. transferred to Avenches (Aventicum), while the east- After 1830, Laurentie, oefeated politically, devoted em part of the diocese was united with Constance, all his efforts as a publicist to three ^reat causes: According to the Synod of M4con, 585 (Maassen, L c, (1) freedom of education: (2) Legitimism; (3) the 163-73), Bt. Marius seems to have been the first resi- oefence of religion. (1) For the nrst of these, we dent Bishop of Avenches. The Chartularium of Lau- may mention his "Lettres sur I'Mucation" (1835- sanne (ed. G. Waitz in "Mon. Germ.: Scriptores", 37), his "Lettres smr la liberty d'enseignement" XXIV, Hanover, 1879, 794; also in '^Mtooires et (1844), and ike part he played, in 1849 and 1850, in documents publ. par la Soci^t4 de la Suisse Bo- regard to the commission which prepared the Fal- mande", VI, Lausanne, 1851, 29) affirms that St. loux Law; also his treatise, "L'Esprit chr^tien dans Marius was bom in the Diocese of Autun about 530. les etudes" (1852). his book on ** Les Crimes de F^du- was consecrated Bishop of Avenches in Mav, 574, and cation frangaise" (1872), and his successful efforts for died 31 December, 594. (For his epitaph in verse, freedom of higher education (1875). (2) In support formerly in the chiurch of St. Thyrsius at Lausanne, of the second of these causes he wrote the pamphlet, sen "Mon. Germ.: Script.", XXIV, 795.) To him we

Czar" (1862), " L'Ath^isme social et TEglise, schisme or possibly not before 610.

du monde nouvcau" (1869). Inspired oy the same Lausanne was originally a suffragan of Lyons (cer-

cause, Laurentie also contributed, under Hie Mon- tainly about the seventh century), later of Besangon,

archy of July, to "Le R4novateur'' and "La Quoti- from which it was detached by the French CJoncordat

dienne". Again, between 1848 and 1876, the battle of 1801. In medieval times the diocese extended frotai

for the principle of Legitimism went on day after day the Aar, near Soleure, to the northern end of the Val-

in the columns of the Rojralist " L'Union"^nd in con- ley of St. Imier, thence along the Doube and the ridge

nexion with this campaign Lamrentie's "Histoire des of the Jura to where the Aubonne flows into the Lake

dues d'Orldans" was published in 1832, handling Uie of Geneva, and thence along the north of the lake to

Orleans family with ^reat severity, and follow^ by Villeneuve. whence the boundary-line followed the

the ten volumes of his " Histoire de France" (1841- watershed oetwecn Rhone and Aar to the Grimsel, and

55), a kind of historical illustration of his political doc- down the Aar to Attiswil. Thus the diocese included

trines. (3) As early as 1836 Lamrentie conceived the the town of Soleure and part of its territory, that part

idea, in defence of religion, of a Catholic encyclopedia of the Canton of Berne which lay on the left baoK of

which he prefaced with a Catholic theory oi the the River Aar, also Biel. the Valley of St. Inuer,

sciences. In 1862 he published a pamphlet attacking Jougiie, and Les Longevillcs in the Franche-Comt^,

scientific atheism. His " Histoire de FEmpire Ro- the counties of Neuch&tel and Valangin, the greater

main" (1862) is an apolog^r for infant Chnstianity, part of the Canton de Vaud, the Canton of FriD0Uig»

and his " Philosophie de la pridre" (1864) contains the the County of Gruy^re, and most of the Bemese Ober-

outpouring of a devout souL ^ land. The present Diocese of Lausanne includes the

As an octogenarian, Laurentie was the confidant of Cantons of Fribourg, Vaud, and NcuchAtel.

the Comte de Chambord, whose rights he daily cham- Of the bishops who in the seventh century succeeded

gioned in "L'Union". His "Souvenirs", left un- St. Marius almost nothing is known. Between 694

nished at his death, were published by his grandson and 800 only three bishops are known: Arricus,

in 1893. " He was an honour to his party and to the present at the Council of Chalon-«ur-Sa6ne (Maassen,

press", wrote Louis Veuillot. From the beginning t c, 208-14), Protasius, elected about 651, and Chil-

to the end of his career he was an anti-Gallican mon- me^isilus, about 670. From the time of Charlema^e

archist, never seeking in his theory of the Throne and until the end of the ninth century the following bish-

the Altar a means of making the Altar subservient ops of Lausanne are mentioned: Udalricus (Ulrich),

to the Throne, but advocating the liberty of the a contemporary of Cliarlemagne; Fredarius (about

Qiurch and of education. 814); David (827-50), slain in combat with one of the

Ladrbntie^ Soumirainjdiu (Para. 1893); Grandmaison, lorcls of Dcgerfelden: Hartmann (851-78); Hicrony-

La Congrigalvm, 1801-1830 (Pans. 1889). 200-74; Veuiixot, _,,„ /07Q qo\ T>i« Tn/vaf f1i«fin«rinfilir»f1 nmnnsr fJiA

Dem«T«m«an(7«».in (Paris, 1909), 82, 83 ^^ ^^''*~}'il\ ^^^ most distmguisned among the

Georges Gotatt subsequent bishops are: Heinrich von Lenzburg (a.

1019), who rebuilt the cathedral in 1000; Hugo (1019-

Laurentius, Antipopb. See Syaimachus, 8aist, 37), a son of Rudolf III of Burgundy, in 1037 pro-

PoPB. claimed the "Peace of God"; Burkart von Oltingen

(1057-89), one of the most devoted adherents of

Lausanne and Oeneya, Diocese of (Lattsaxnen- Henry IV, with whom he was banished, and made the

618 ET Genevexsis), in Switzerland, immediately sub- pilgrimage to Canossa; Guido von Mcrlen (1130-44),

ject to the Holy See. a correspondent of St. Bernard; St. Amadeus of

I. Lausanne. — ^According to the most recent in- Hauterive, a Cistercian {1144-^59), who wrote homilies

vestigations, particularly those of Marius Besson, the in honour of the Blessed Virgin (P. L., CLXXXVIII,

origin of the See of Lausanne can be traced to the 1277-1348); Boniface, much venerated (1231-39), for-

ancicnt See of Windisch (Vindonissa). Bubulcus, the mcrly a master in the University of Paris and head of

first Bishop of Windisch, appeared at the imperial the cathedral school at Cologne, resigned because of

Synod of Epao in Bunrundy, m 517 (Maassen, "Con- physicd ill-treatment, afterwisirds auxiliary bishop in

oDia ffivi merov." in '^on. Germ. Hist.: Leg.", Ill, Brabant (see Ratzinger in "Stimmen aus Mariar

L Hanover, 1893, 15-30). The second and last known Laach", L, 1896, 10-23, 139-57); the Bionedictine

Bishop of Windisch was Gramatius (Grammatius), Louis de la Palud (1432-40), who took part in the

who signed the decrees of the Synod of Clermont in Councils of Constance (1414), Pavia-Siena (1423),

635 fMaassen, L c., pp. 65-71), of Orleans, 541 (Maas- Basle (1431 — ) and at the last-named was chosen, in

sen, 1. c, 86-99), ana that of Orleans. 549 (Maassen. January, 1432, Bishop of Lausanne, against Jean de

L c, 99-1 12). Hitherto it has generally been believed Prangiiis, the chapters choice; Palud was later vice-

tbat shortly after this the see was transferred from chaTT)l>erlain of the conclave whence Anuideus VIII of