Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 9.djvu/637

 iCAHU 588 ICAHaALOBB

n^ that took him first to Egypt where he participated 1256 not far from the ruins of the ancient Sipontum, as mercenary in the 8ulta?^B wars against the Bed- destroyed by an earthquake in 1233. Sipontum was a ouins. He next yisited Palestine, then, by way of flourishing Greek colony; haying fallen into the hands India, also the interior of Asia and China, and seryed of the Samnites, it was retaken about 335 b. c. l^ for fifteen months in the army of the Great Khan of King Alexander of Epirus, unde of Alexander the Mpngolia. After an absence of thirty-four years he Great. In 189 b. c. it becsune a Roman colony^ and returned in 1356, and at the instance and with the in a. d. 663 it was taken and destroyed by the Slays, help of a physician, whose acquaintance he had made In the ninth century, Sipontum was for a time in the in Egrpt at the court of the sultan, he wrote in Lot- power of the Saracens; m 1042 the Normans made it Uch an account of his experiences and obseryations. the seat of one of their twelve counties. The latter Jn the manuscripts 1372 is giyen as the year of his won a decisive victory there over the Byzantine gen- death. Later investigation, however, made it clear eral Argyrus in 1052. According to legend, the Gospel that the real author was Jean de Bourgoigne, or & la was preached at Sipontum by St. Peter and by St. Barbe, a physician from Lttttich, to whom several Mark; more trust, however, may be placed in the tra- medical works are also attributed. He really lived for dition of the mart3rrdom of the priest St. Justin and some time in E^ypt, and during his sojourn may have his companions under Gallienus and Maximian about conceived the idea of describing a journey to the 255. The first bishop, whose date may be fixed, was Orient. Having visited no foreign country except Felix, who was at Kome in 465. In the time of Eig^rpt, he was compelled to make use of the descrip- Bishop Lawrence, during the reign of Gelasius I (492- tions of others and to publish his compilation under a 496), took place on Mt. Gargano the apparition of St. pseudonym. He discloses, in the situations borrowed BGchael, in memory of which the famous Monasteiy often word for word from various authors, an extraor- of the Archangel was founded. About 688 Pope Vi- dinarily wide range of reading, and he unaerstood how talian was obhged to entrust to the bishops of Bene- to present his matter so attractively that the work in vento the pastoral care of Sipontum, which was al- manuscript and print had a wonderful popularity. most abandoned, but the see was re-established in

His chief sources are the accounts of the travels of 1(^, and under Bishop Saint Gerard (1066) it became the first missionaries of the Dominican and Franciscan an archdiocese. The ancient cathedral remained still orders (see Geography and the Church), who were at Sipontum, but, with the building of Manfredonia, the first to venture into the interior of Asia. He de- thearchiepiscopal see was transferred to the latter city, scribes Constantinople and Palestine almost entirely Among the other bishops were Matteo Orsini (1327), according to the " Itinerarius'* of the Dominican Will- later cardinal; Cardinal Bessarione (1447), adminis- lam of Boldensele written in 1336; he made use more- trator; Niccol6 Pecotto (1458), a Greek scholar and over of the *'Tractatus de distantiis locorum terrae theologian; Giovanni del Monte (1512). subsequently sanctae^of Eugesippus,the*'DescriptioterraB8anctaB" popne under the name of Julius III; Domenico Gin- of John of WQrzburg ^c. 1165), ana the " Libellus de nasio (1586), who suppressed the use of the Greek Rite locis Sanctis'' of Th^)aoricus (c. 1172). He was able at the high altar of the cathedral of Sipontum, a cus- out of his own experiences to give particulars about tom which had obtained until his day; Antomo Mar- Efert- What he nas to say about the Mohammedan cello (1643) who founded the seminary and restored is taken from the work "De statu Saracenarum*' the cathedral destroyed by the Turks in 1620; Vin- (1273) of the Dominican William of Tripolis. His cenzo Orsini (1675), afterwards pope under the name account of the Armenians, Persians, Turts, etc., is of Benedict XIII. In 1818 the Archbishop of Man- borrowed from the **Historia orientalis" of Hay ton, fredonia was made perpetual administrator of the the former Prince of Armenia and later Abbot of Diocese of Viesti, a see that dates at least from the Poitiers. For the countiy of the Tatars and China he eleventh century. The archdiocese is divided into made use almost word for word of the '^Descriptio 16 parishes; contains 101,800 faithful, 1 religious orientalium'' of the Franciscan Odoric of Pordenone, house of men and 4 of women, and 4 educational in- and in parts of the "Historia Mongolorum" of the stitutes for girls.

Franciscan John of Piano Carpini. Apart from books Cappeixbtti, Le Chiese d^ Italia, XX (Venice, 1857).

of travels he plagiarised from works of a general U. Bbnigni. nature, the old authors Pliny, Solinus, Josephus Fla-

vius, and the comprehensive ** Speculum Historiale " of Mangalore, Diocese op (Manqalorensis), on the

Vincent of Beauvais. The numerous manuscripts and west coMEist of India, suffragan of Bombay. It com-

printed editions are enumerated by Rohricht ("Bib- prises the whole collectorate of South Canara, and a

hotheca Geographica Palestinse", Berlin, 1890, pp. portion of Malabar from Ponany to Mount Deli; it

79-85). The oldest impressions are : in French (Lyons, stretches inland as far as the Ghauts, a distance vary-

1480); German (Augsburg, 1481, 1482); English ing from 40 to 60 miles. The total Catholic popula-

(Westminster, 1499). Modern editions: "The voiage tion is reckoned at about 93.028. South Canara is

and travaile of Sir Mandeville", with introd. by J. O. divided into four ecclesiastical districts, each with its

Halliwell (London, 1839) ; "The Buke of John Maun- Vara (almost equivalent to rural dean), in which there

deuill", ed. by G. F. Warner (Westminster, 1889), in are thirty-three churches with resident priests besides

Roxburghe Club, Publications, No. 30; "Travels of a number of chapeb; while in Malabar there are

MandeviUe. The Version of the Cotton Manuscript in churches at Cannanore, Tellicherry and Calicut. The

Modern Spelling" (London, 1900). clergy are partly of the Venetian province of the So-

Oonsult SchOhborn, Bibliogr. Unterauchungm aJber die Reiae- ciety of Jesus, and partly native secular clergy, the

JSfSr5riSiJ;;«<1? ^^v"^'8.^»S'^!gSk,?.T8il^ f«^ernumbenng41andthe latter 56. Jhere is also

- - - — 3 of the Convent of the Carrr- —

lalabar rite, besides Carm*

ieiner ReuteSeachreibuno in Zeittchr. der Om. E. Erdkuhde tu oioi««of Charity. The episcopal

Berlin, XXIII (Berlin. 1888), pp. 177-306; Murray. John de nary are at Man^lore.

Burdens or John de Burpundia otherwise Sir John de Mandeville History. — Originally the South Canara portion be-

and the pestilence (Lon<fon. 1891). \ong^ to the Archidocese of Goa, while the Malabar

--.^^. o xr hartig. portion belonged to the Archbishopric of Cranganore.

Manes, bee MANiCHiBiSM. §^ Francis Xavier was at Cannanore for a few hours,

Manfredonia. Archdiocese op (Sipontina). The but there is no evidence for the popular tradition that

dty of Manfredonia is situated in the province of he missionised Canara. The pioneer work seems to

Foggia in Apulia, Central Italy, on the borders of have been done by the Franciscans, who early in the

Mount Gargano. It was built by King Manfred in sixteenth century had founded several stations along