Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 9.djvu/617

 Du Perron about this time recouuQended Bfalherbe t« the favour of the king, and when in 1605 he came to Paris, Heniy had him remain near him. The Duke of Bellegarde received the poet into his household, settled on him a pension, and made it posaible for him to live at Court. At this time began his ac- quaintance with Kacan, who be- came hia first dis- ciple, and a little lat«r he etartad

ence with Peiresc. Since his arri val at Court Halherbe had assumed tht> rfile of literary master and re- former. He made relentless war on the provincial ex- pressions, neolo- gisms, and defects of style in the prose writers and

Siets of the time. egatheredabout him a select body of followers, to id he was pitiless

taste. He himself henceforth wrote few verses, his most touching lines being on the tragic death of the king m 1610. His son's death in a duel in 1627 did much to brin^ about Malher1>e's own end, which came in the following year, and he was buried in SaintMSer- main-l'Auxerrois. Mslherbe has been chained with having "slain lyricism" and the reproach has been made aeainst him that his crusade produced only Maynard, but the French language and its litera- ture are indebted to him for a service which could hardly have been rendered by a man of ereater genius. ALIfHfenAN. RtcherchfabioffTapKvmMmr Maiherfie ft aa famine (IMD); HippBin, La icrimint aarmamici (CtuD. 1S58); Brdhot, La dodrim dt Maihrrbt (Paris. 1890) ; Aluaib, ilfal- Ab** (Pari., 18B2). Bi^NcHi; M. Kelly.

Malines. See Mechun, Diocese of.

HaUseet Indians, also Malecite, Marebchitb, and AuALEciTii, the last being the official Canadian form, a tribe of Algonquian stock, occupying territory upon the lower St. John River, St. Croix River, and Passamaquoddy Bay, in western New Brunswick and northeastern Maine, and closely connected Imguisti- cally and historically with the Abnaki (Penobscot, ete.) of Maine. Their chief settlement was Medoct«c, on the St. John, about ten miles below the present Woodstock, N. B. The name by which they are.com- monly known is of disputed origin, but may be derived, as claimed by one autnority, from their Micmac name, meaning "broken talkers . To the French explorers they were known as Etchcmin, also of uncertain origin and meaning. Those about the bay are usually diatm- guished as Passamaquoddies.

The acouaiutance of the Maliaeet with the French began probably even earlier than the voyage of Carticr in 1535, through the medium of the fishing fleets which frequented the coast. The St. John River was known to the French as early as 1558, but the tribe is first mentioned, under the name of Et«hemin, in 1604, by Champlain, who entered the mouth of the river and was welcomed by the Indians with feasts and dances. They seem at this period to have been enemies to the Abnaki, who were afterward their closest allies. In the same year de Monts made a tempora^ settlement on an island in the bay and shortly afterward the French fort I* Tour was built on the St. John. By

on whose side they fought in all the lat«r colonial wars. In 1W6 they were at war with the Gaspesiens, a Mic- mac band about Cape Gasp£ at the mouth of the St. Lawrence, but in general they were in alliance with the Hicmac (q. v ) and Abnaki, and like them m deadly hoetility witji the Iroquois of New York.

The hrst mission teacher among the Maliseet was the Jesuit Pierre Biard, who visited them from his ata- tion among the Hicmac in Nova Scotia in 1611-12. He estimated them at about 2500 souls.

In 1677-8 the Jesuit father Jean Morain established the mission of Bon Pasteur at Rivifere du Loup, on the south bank of the lower St. Lawrence, P. Q., jointly for the Gaspesien Micmac and the M^iseet, who raneed over that territory. The former were already imder missionary influence, but the latter, as yet unin- structcd, were opposed to Christianity, and given to drunkenness, superstition, and polygamy. ' They were nomadic and depended entirely upon hunting aod fishing. Their houses were light structures of poles covered with bark, and their beds were skins spread upon the ground. Until the nomad habit was to some extent overcome, the missionaries found it neces- sary to accompany their flock in its wanderings.

In 168S the Recollect Fr. Simton established a mis- at Medoct«c, which was soon aft«r abandooed, consequence of the outbreak of King WU-

. ... About the same time others of the tribe

attended the Aboaki mission at Sillery. In 1701 the Medoct«c mission was re-established by the Jesuit Pr. Joseph Aubeiy, noted for his later work in Abnaki linguistics. Under his successors the tribe has long smce been completely Christian iied, being all condst- erd) Catholics with a high reputation for morality and law-abiding qualities. Medoct«c was finally aban- doned about the year 1765, Except about 100 at Viger, P. Q., the Maliseet are all in New Brunswick, (totributed upon small reserves, of which the most important is Tobique, with nearly 200 souls. The entire tribe, according to official report for 1909, num- bers 843, with probably a few others in eastern Maine.

Jit. RfI., ed. TnWAiTEg, npecially I (.LticarbDt). It and III

(Biard). LX lUorain). LXI-XXVf^ Ratmdnd. "


 * ■ ■ N.B. Hilt. Sot. CoUt..r

probably in

Atmaai Repli. (Canadian) Depl. Aid.

.96). DO. 2 ISain Aft- (Ottawa).

Jamrb Moc

Mallard, Ehnebt-Francois, French mineralogist, b. i February, 1833, at Chftteauneuf-eur-Cher; d. 6 July, 1894, in Paris. From 1872 he was professor of mineralogy at the Ecole des Mines, from 1890 mem- ber of the Academy of Science. Mallard has accom- plished much of importance in mineralogy by his u[itiring and suocessful research. Numerous scien- tific reportsappwired year after year in the "Bulletin de la SocitSbS miniralogique de France" and in the "Annalee des Mines", several also in the "Compt. Rend." By far the greater number of these discuss difficult problems in crystallography, especially the ' phyncal attributes of crystals. The so-cailed optical anomalies of some crj-stals ho endeavoured to grasp clearl^in their actual relationship and then to explain ingeniously by a hypothesis which supposes that tiie highly symmetrical form of these crystals is caused by a great number of smaller crystals with a smaller num- ber of sjmunctrical planes, which are arranged in a certain manner. The best general explanation he ad- vanced in his lecture "Crystallic Groupings" which appeared in the "Revue Scientifique " in 1887. Hia hypothesis found many defenders, and, of course, also many dissenters; especially his German colleagues drew him frequently into controversies. Equally known are Mallard's writings about isomorphism which be discovered in chlorates and nitrates, and about isomorphic mixtures, especially feldspars, the optical quftUtiea of which he traced mathematically