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 aSALAOHT

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MALAGRIDA

cethcr difiPerent question whether or not the text of Malachias alone permits one to determine in a certain measure the exact form of the new sacrifice. A large number of Catholic exegetcs believe themselves ius- tified in concluding, from the use of the term minhah in V. 11, that the prophet desired formally to signify an unbloody sacrince. The writer of the present article finds it so much the more difficult to aecide on this question, as the word minhah is several times em- ployed by Malachias to signify sacrifice in the generic sense (i, 13; ii, 12, 13; iii, 3, 4, and, in all probability, i, 10). For the rest, the event has shown how the prophecy was to be realized. It is of the Eucharifr- iic sacrifice that Christian antiquity has interpreted the passage of Malachias (cf . Council of Trent, Sess. XXfl, 1).

ToRRST, The Prophecy ofMalachi in Journal of Soe, for BtbH- cat Lit. (18Q8), pp. 1 sqq.; Perownb, Book of Malachi (Cam- bridge. 1896); Rkinkb. Der ProphH Maieaehi (ISM). Oon- luH also (^mmentaries on the Bfinor ProphetB by Sioth (1900) ; Drivsr (Nahum-Malaehi; Century Bible): Knabenbausr (1886); WCLLHAU8EN (1898); Nowacx (1904); Marti (1904); Van Hoon acker (1908); auo Introductions to the Old Teeta- jnent. (See Aoosus.)

A. Van Hoonacker.

Malachy, Saint, whose family name was O'Mor- gair, b. in Armaeh in 1094. St. Bernard descril^es him as of noble birth. He we:8 baptised Maelmliaedhoc (a name which has been Latinized as Malachy) and was trained under Imhar O'Hagan, subsequently Abbot of Armagh. After a long course of studies he was ordained priest by St. Cellach (Celsus) in 1119. In order to perfect himself in sacred liturgy and theol- ogy, he proceeded to Lismore, where he spent nearly two years under St. Malchus. He was then chosen Abbot of Bangor, in 1123. A year later, he was con- secrated Bishop of Ck)nnor, ana, in 1132, he was pro- moted to the primacy of Armagh. St. Bernard gives us many interesting anecdotes regarding St. Malachy, and highly praises his zeal for religion lx)th in Connor and Araiagh. In 1127 he paid a second visit to Lis- more and acted for a time as confessor to Cormac MacCJarthy, Prince of Desmond. while Bishop lof Connor he continued to reside at Bangor, and when some of the native princes sacked (jonnor, he brought the Bangor monks to Iveragh, Co. Kerry, where they were welcomed by King (Jormac. On the death of St. Celsus (who was buried at Lismore in 1129), St. Malachy was appointed Archbishop of Armagh, 1132, which dignity ne accepted with great reluctance. Owing to intrigues, he was unable to take possession of his see for two years; even then he had to purchase the Bachal Isu (Staff of Jesus) from Niall, the usurping lay-primate.

During three years at Armagh, as St. Bernard writes, St. Malachv restored the discipline of the Church, grown lax during the intruded rule of a series of lay-abbots, and had the Roman Liturgy adopted. St. Bernard continues: '^ Having extirpated barbar- ism and re-established Christian morals, seeing all things tranquil he began to think of his own peace". He therefore resigned Annagh, in 1138, and returned to dlonnor, dividing the see into Down and Connor, retaining the former. He founded a priory of Austin Canons at Downpatrick, and was unceasing in his episcopal labours. Early in 1139 he journeyed to Rome, via Scotland, England, and France, visiting St. Bernard at Clairvaux. He petitioned Pope Innocent for palliums for the Sees of Armagh and Cashel, and was appointed legate for Ireland. On his return visit to Clairvaux he obtained five monks for a foundation in Ireland, imder Christian, an Irishman, as superior: thus arose the great Abbey of Mellifont in 1142. St. Malachy set out on a second joumev to Rome in 1148, but on arriving at Clairvaux he fell sick, and died in the arms of St. Bernard, on 2 November. Numerous miracles are recorded of him, and he was also endowed with the gift of prophecy. St. Malachy was canonized

by Pope Clement (III), on 6 July, 1199, and his feast is celebrated on 3 November, in order not to cladi with the Feast of All Souls.

An account of the relics of St. Malachy will be foimd in Migne, '* PatrologisB cursus completus", CLXXXV. For a discussion of the "prophecies'' concerning the popes, known as "St. Malachy 's Prophecies'*, the reader is referred to the article rROPHEctfes.

O'Hanlok, Life of St. Malachy (Dublin, 1854); LanioaN{ Bed. Hist, of Ireland (Dublin, 1829); O'Lavertt, Life of St, Malachy (Belfast. 1899); He alt, Ireland'e Ancient SehooU and Scholar* (4th ed., Dublin, 1902).

W. H. Grattan-Flood.

Malaga, Diocese of (Malacitana), Spain, by the Concordat of 1851 made a suffragan of Granada, haying previously l)een dependent on Seville. Malaga was the MdXaim of Strabo and Ptolemy and the Mar lata feeder atorum Of Pliny. It was important during • the (Carthaginian period, because a municipium under Roman rule, and under the Visigoths was made an episcopal see. The earliest known bishop was Patri- cius, consecrated about 290, and present at the Coun- cil of Eliberis. Hostegesis governed the see from 845 to 864. After the battle of Guadalcte the city passed into the hands of the Arabs, and the bishopric was sup- pressed. Malaga then became for a time a posses- sion of the C-aliphate of Cordova. After the fall of the Oinayyad dynasty, it became the capital of a distinct kingdom, dependent on Granada. In 1487 Ferdinand and Isabella besieged the city, which after a desperate resistance was compelled to surrender; and^ with the Christian religion, the episcopal see wa£ restored. The first bishop after the restoration was Pedro Diaz. The see was vacant from 1835 to 1848. The present incumljent is Bishop Juan Munoz y Herrera, oorn at Antequera, in the Diocese of Malaga, 6 October, 1835.

The city of Malaga is the capital of the maritime province of the same name and, next to Barcelona, is the most important seaport on the Spanish Mediter-^ ranean coast. It lies at the southern Base of the Axarqua hills, on the left bank of the Guadalmedina. The Climate is mild and equable, the mean annual temperature being about 66° Fahrenheit. For its clear sky and broad expanse of bay the city has been compared to Naples. Since 1892 the harbour, which had been obstructed, has been cleared and improved, and from it are shipped the quantities of produce — grapes, oranges, alinonds, oil, and wine — for which this district is famous. The cathedral, in the Grseco- Roman style, stands on the site of an ancient Moor- ish mosque. It was begun in 1528 and completed in 1719. Since the Concordat of 1851 the C^tnedntl Chapter has numbered 20 canons and 11 beneficed clerics. There are in the diocese (1910) 520,000 Cath- olics, a few Protestants; 123 parishes, 481 priests, and 200 churches and chapels. The Augustinian Fa- thers have a college at Ronda; the Piarists are engaged in teaching at Archidona and the Brothers of St. John of God have schools at Antequera, at which place there is also a (}apuchin monastery. In the town of Malaga there are convents for women, including Bemardines, Cistercians, Augustinians, Poor Clares, &rmelites, and Dominicans. The Little Sisters of the Poor maintain homes for the aged and infirm at Malaga, Antequera, and Ronda. Blanche M. Kelly.

Malagrida, Gabriel, a Jesuit missionary to Brazil, b. 18 Sept., or 6 Dec, 1689, at Menaggio, in Italy, d. 21 Sept., 1761, at Lisbon. He entered the Jesuit order at (jenoa in 171 1 . He set out from Lisbon in 1 72 1 and arrived on the Island of MaranMo towards the end of the same year. Thenoe he proceeded to Brazil, where for twentv-eight years he imderwent numerous hard- ships in the Christianization of the natives. In 1749 he was sent to Lisbon, where he was received with great honours by the aged King John V. In 1751 he ie«