Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 9.djvu/600

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The diooeae was meanwhile ad miniate red by Christo- pher Moofang (a. v.). Id 1S86 an agreement was arrived at, and Paul Leopold Haffner, who had ac- quired a reputation as aphiloaophcr and apolopat, was appointed bishop. Tlie eemiaary and diocesan colleges were reopen^ in 1887, and the task of filling the vacant pariahes undertaken. In 1895 religious orders, whicn devoted themselves to education and the care of the sick, were readmitted. HafTner was fol- lowed by Heinrioh Brilck (q. v., 1899-1903). The pres- ent bishop, George Heinrich Haria Kirstein, was elected on 20 Nov., 1903 and consecrated on 19 March, 1904.

Statistics. — The jiresont Diocese of Mains coin- cides tenitorialty with the Grand Duchy of Hesae (q. v.), except that three places belong to the Diocese of Limburg. Divided into 19 deaneries and ISS par- ishes, it possesses 186 parish priests and beneficiaries, I rector, 80 curates, 43]priest8 in other positions, 20 on leave or pensioned. The Catholics number 372,600; the non-CatholicB 830,000. The chapter consists of the cathedral dean, 7 canons, 3 cathedral preben- daries; the oniinanatc of a vicar general and 6 epif' itual councillors; the o^icialiU^ of the official and 7 counsellors. The bishop ta elected by the chapter from a liat of candidates, which must first be submitted to the government. The public authorities may erase the names of the less acceptable candiiiatcs, provided that enough be left (o render a canonical election pos- sible. The members of the chapter are selected alter- nately by the bishop and the chapter itself. Tlie dio- cesan institutions include the seminary (S professors and 50 students); 3 diocesan colleges; 4 episcopal boarding-schools and orphanages, delusively Cath- olic high-schools for boys are forbidden by the Hessian school laws, and the activity of the female orders in instructing girls is veiyrestncted. There are very few houses of the male orders; the Capuchins have 2 mon- asteries (Mains and Dieburg) with 12 fathers and 10 brothers; the Brothers of Mercy I house with 12 brothers; the Brothers of St. Joseph parent house in Kleiniimmem with 8 brothers; the Schulhrilder 1 house with a middle school in MainiE. The female orders are: theSistersof Mercy from the mother-house at Trier, 2 houses with 26 sisters; the English Ladies, _ 7 houses with 165 sisters; the Franciscan Sisters from ' Aaclwn, 3 houses with 27 sisters; the Franciscan Sis- ters of the Perpetual Adoration, 1 house with 35 sisters; the SisWrs of Divine Providence, mother- house at Mainz and 72 filial houses with 534 sisters; the Sisters of the Most Sacred Redeemer from the mother-house at Niederbronn, 19 houses with 66 sis-

with 120 sisters. Among the Catholic orfrans of the diocese the "KathoHk" and the "Archiv EOr katho- lisches Kirchcnrecht" deserve special mention.

The principal churches of the diocese are; the Romanesque Cathedral of St. Martin at Maim, one of the most interesting monuments for the history of architecture in Germany; the Early Gothic Church ot St. Stephen (1237-1328); the Baroque Ignazkirche (1763-74) ; the cathedral and late Gothic Liebfiauen- kirche at Wormsj the basilica of the former Benedic- tine abb^ at Sehgcnstadt (Carlovingian) ; the former church of the Dominicanesses (thirteenth century).

ConcflmiDR tba town, see StmvHCK, BeittOat tur It. Ofch. mil UTkmdm (3 vols., Msini and Frankfort. ITSS-QO); Werner, Arr bom xa M. H vols.. Mami. 1g£r-36)i Schaab, Onrh. dn- SlaiU. M. H toK, Mttini. 1S41-51:) HuEt. Chrm. der mitutriitin. StadU. II (I^p»(. 1882); BdRCKEL. It. Qt- KkidiltlnidiT (Maioi, IStM): Schneider, Drr Dmn n> U. u. iciaeDenkmnUr ftiaJoit, 1903); BeilTiQe ivr GtKk. dtr Vnivtrti- Utlt. u. Oieaen (Oicssoi. 1007); Neeb. M. u. Umatlnma (3rd ed.. Btotlnrt. 1908); HdLin, Dot toUmt M. 1 (Maini. 1910). For the aldnr litaratun ini tha See of Uaii^i, .«u Chevalier. Tapo-B&t.. B, V. Jfavnuv: consult tiao Bcbeppliu, Coda wclu. MBDwU-naviii. (AachaItenbiirc,18(K);jArF£.Af<>>iitn. Mogiint (BerliD, \9aK);RwQtitmwaT0tidi.iBBnbiKhiilcvoitM„b^pai by BdHUKH mo Wiu, (from BauIfMe to VIW; lacsbmck, JB77-86), and conlmued Sy VogT ksd VtUBNEE (from 1280 to

Marburi. 1907—); Hehhes, Die Enbixlu,/e mn U. (3r1 lalni, ISTB)- "— "-'-— " -«-:— .=™. •— -

liBNaLE, Ver/datung u. Varwailuiw i*

(mra«bujs, I90b); Golpscrhliit, ZentraLocnoroen u. oeonuen- tum im Kurturit. M. aim 18, fc« lum 18. Jahth. (Berlin abd Leipiig. IMS): anuKlna, Die WahOtapO^ dtr Bnb, u. Ktaf, mm M, (Qattlunn, IWW); WBHCi,Cu<f(rMuiio rfu Ertetiflei It, <m Oaiu der deuUc/tm OawA. (Kand. IBOS); Btdte. Cu U. EnbitcAefiu.diedtuUcAeKonlfrahlCKeiiBat. 1010); ZntvAr. duitf, .4Urrtumnirrnn((Mauu, 1903— ); SchenuuiemUi der Di^ am U. (Uaini, 1909). See aba under Hebse: Upper RioNk, EcCLEBiAancAL Province of the, and tbe todividuai bisboiia.

Joseph Lins.

Maipnre Indluis (Mayfqre), a former important group oi tribes on the Upper Orinoco River, from above the Meta about to the entrance of the Casai* quiare, in Venezuela and Colombia, speaking dialects of the Arawakan stock. The tribes were the Maipure propBT; Meepure; Cavere, or Cabre; Avane, or Abaui; Parenij Gutpuiiave, or Guaypunavi, and Chirupa, or Quirupa, The Achagua, on the middle Meta, Colombia, were sometimes regarded as be- longing to the same group. The Maipure tribes re- mained practically unknown up to the middle of the eighteenth century. Their chief and constant enemies were the cannibal Caribs of the Lower Orinoco. In the early part of the seventeenth century the Portuguese ala\'e hunters of Brazil (see Maueluco) extended their inroad.i into the Upper Orinoco region through the assistance of the Cuipuiiave on the Ini- rida, who, though ferocious, were superior to the sur- rounding (ribcs, having clothes and palisaded forts with stores of extra weapons. These incursions at last became BO threatening that in 1744 FatherRoman, superior of the Jesuit missions of the Lower Orinoco, took the desperate resolution of ascending the river, without an escort of soldiers to tiy and arrange terms withlheGuipufiuve, Taking a few Indians, with a crucifix erected at the bow of his boat, he advanced to the Alabapo and then to Brazil by the Negro, return- ing to the Carichana misiiion after seven months' travel. He was thus the first to discover the con- nexion of the Amazon and the Orinoco by means of the rivere Cassiquiare and Negro. As a result the Guipuilave ceased their inroads, and some of the tribe settled at tbe cataract of Maipures, in 1744, the new mission being called San Jos^ de Maipures. It in- cluded Guipufiai-e and Pareni, with some remotely cognate Guariquena from theCasaiouiare. In 1748 the Jesuit Francisco Gonzales established the mission of San Juan Nepomuceno de loa Atures, now Atures, Vcnesuela, gathering into it Ature (Salivan stoc^, Maipure proper, Meepure, Abani, and Quirupa. In 1749 arrived Father Gilii, the historian of the Jesuit missions of the Orinoco, to whom, according to Her- v&B, is due the conversion of the Maipure tribes.

When the Guipufiave ceased their warfare on the missions another neighbouring cannilial tribe, the Maoitivitano, continued the work of destruction for the rewards neld out by the Portuguese and Dutch. When in 1756 Solano, commander of the boundary ex- pedition, reached the confluence of the Atabapo wi^ the Orinoco he found there a settlement of Guipu- ilave, whose chief, won over by Roman years before, not only consented to the ealablishment of a garrison and mission, San Fernando de Atabapo, hut also promised to enter the mission with all his people. This mission, practically of government origin, was placed in charge of the Observanlines. About the same time the mission at Atures had 320 Indians and that at Maipures 600, where Humboldt in 1800 found only 47 and 60 respectively. Besides religion, the fathers taught their neophytes habits of regular- ity and industry, suppressed the more barterouB practices and, the Jesuits especially, introduced cattle, goats, and European fruits and vegetables. But not-