Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 9.djvu/586

 MAILLARD fi39 MAnj.AKlD

Maillao on the Is^re; d. 28 June, 1748, at Peking, whose influence wrou^t an immediate change. In China. After finishing his studies he joined the So- recognition, he was invited to Halifax, where a church ciety of Jesus in 1686, and in 1701 was sent on the was Duilt for him, and he received a pension of £200. mission to China as a member of the order. In June, the free exercise of the Catholic Faith being conceded 1703, he arrived in Morocco and thence set out for to all his coreligionists, Irish as well as Acadian and Canton, where he acquired a thorou^ knowledge of Indian. From Halifax he addressed to the scattered the Chinese language and style of writing, and devoted groups letters that were read with veneration like the himself particularly to the study of Chinese historical Epistles of St. Paul. At death's hour, after thirty works. _When the Emperor Khang-hi entrusted the years of laborious ministry, being without any priest Jesuit missionaries with the cartographical survey of to administer the last rites, he was visited by the An- his empire, the provinces of Ho-nan, Kiang-nan, Tshe- glican parson, Thomas Wood, who offered his mini»- kiang, and Fo-kien, and the Island of Formosa fell to tration. Calmly and gently MaiUard refused, saying: the lot of Father Mailla along with Fathers Regis and " I have served God all my life, and each day I nave Hinderer. As a mark of his satisfaction, the emperor, prepared for death by offering up the Holy Sacrifice when the work had been completed, conferred on of the Mass." Thus vanishes the legend of his re- Father Mailla the rank of mandarin. When he was quest to Wood to read the prayers for the sick from fifty years old he began the study of the. Manchurian the English ritual. His booy alone could the Protea- tongue, and made such progress that he was able to tants claim, and they interred it with great demote translate into French the "Thoung-kian-kane-mou", strations of honour. He is justly named the Apostle an extract from the great Chinese annals, which the of the Micmacs, by whom he is still held in great ven- emperor had had prepared in the Manchurian langunee. eration, and who, in spite of many trials and tempta- He finished the translation in several volumes in the tions, have preserved, with their language, the Faith year 1730, and in 1737 sent it to France, where it lay he tau^t them.

for thirty years in the library of the college at Lyons, Soirie* Canadiennea (Quebec, 1863); Canada-Francaia (Que-

Ferret, who purposed publishing it, having died. On ^,' ^^>J CxspRyN, Aup^«<r£:»ana<?/mc (P Lea

♦v»« cJ^^^^Iir^^^e 4U« ^^.] ♦u^ \.^n ^,.4^u -:*t - Sulvtciens en Acadxe (Quebec, 1897); O Brien, Memotra oj

the suppression of the order the college authorities Rijht Rev, Edmund Bwke (Ottawa, 1894); Plesms, Jownti

gave the manuscript to the Abbd Grotsier on condition dea vtaitea pastoraUa de 1816 et 1816 (Quebec, 1903). that he would see to the publication of the work, which Lionel Lindsay.

had long been awaited with interest by the learned

world. Not long after, the work appeared under the MaiUard, Olivier, celebrated preacher, b, at title: "Histoire g^n^rale de la Chine, ou Annales de Juignac (?), Brittany, about 1430; d. at Toulouse, 22 cet Empire; traduit du Tong-kiere-kang-mou par de July, 1502. He took the Franciscan habit with the Mailla, Paris, 1777-1783", in 12 volumes, with maps Observants, apparently in the province of Aquitaine. and plans. In 1785 a thirteenth volume followed. He was there the vicar provincial of the Observants Besides Grosier, the Orientalists Deshauterayes and when on 2 June, 1487, he was elected Vicar General of Colson were mainly responsible for the publication, the Ultramontane Observants (i. e. those north of the Mailla's work even to this day j:)rovides the most im- Alps) at the general chapter of the Observants at portant foundation for any connected presentation of Toulouse. After his first term of office (1487-90), he the history of China. Mailla is also the first European was twice re-elected (149^-6 and 1499-1502). Re- scholar to whom we owe a detailed knowledge of the tiring from office at the General Chapter of 15 May, "Shukin^", the classic historical work of the Chinese, 1502, he went to Toulouse, where he died at the mon- most of it^ books being included in his translation, astery of St. Mary of the Angeb. As miracles soon Mailla, also, in order to promote the work of the mis- occurred at his grave, the General Chapter of Barcelona sion, compiled some edifying books in Chinese; the in 1508 ordered that his remains should be translated most important being lives of the saints, and medi- to a chapel built specially for them, where for some tat ions on the Gospels of the Sundays throughout the time he enjoyed a certain amount of puljlic venera- whole year. In **Lettres ^difiantes" there are some tion. He is specially celebrated as a forceful, popular interesting letters from him on the persecution of the preacher, who preached inspiriting and profitable Christians which took place in China during his time. Lenten sermons in both churches and public places. When he died, in his seventy-ninth year, he was buried His manner and style were indeed often rather at the expense of the Emperor Khiang-lung, many bluntly plebeian, but by no means so rough as the later people being present at the obsequies. classicists have proclaimed them to be. Of a fearless LeOrea idifianiea. Series XXVIII (Paris, 1758), Hx-facx; Bio* nature, he did not abstain from Well-merited attacks

Sxiphie ^veraeUe^XXWh 120; RicHTHopN, China (1877); db ^^^ ^he abuses of his time, and upon the crimes of

▲CKKR-SOMMERVOGEL, V (1894), 330-34. upv** 11*^ i»*^wo«, V. ^ v* x^ c» v» ^pv#u vm^ v«<^ftu^ v«

Otto Haktio. those m high places (e. g. the cruelties of Louis XI).

He abo espoused the cause of Jeanne de Valois, the

MaiUard, Antoine-Simon. missionary, b. in repudiated wife of the Duke of Orleans. On the other

France (parentage, place and date of birth unknown); hand, Maillard, who was highly respected by all classes^

d. 12 August, 1762. He was sent to A(»Klia by the confirmed Charles VIII in his plan of restoring Rous-

French Seminary of Foreign Missions in 1735. In sillon and Cerdagne to Aragon. Innocent VIII asked

1740 he was appointed vicar-^neral to the Bishop of Maillard in 1488 to use his best endeavours with the

Quebec, and resided at Louisbourg imtil its fall in French king for abolishing the Pragmatic Sanction:

1745. after which he retired to the woods and minis- but in this task he was unsuccessful, like many others, terea to the dispersed Acadians and Indians of Cape Of his works, nearly all of which are sermons, there

Breton, St. John's (Prince Edward J Island, and the is no complete collection; they appeared in detached

eastern coast of Acadia (Nova Scotia). He was the fashion, many in various editions and in both French

first to acquire a complete mastery of the extremely and Latin. The most important are: **Sermones de

difficult language of the Micmacs, for whom he com- adventu, quadragesimales et dominicales " (3 vols.,

posed a hieroglyphic alphabet, a grammar, a diction* Paris, 1497-8, 1506, 1522, etc.; Lyons, 1498, etc.);

ary, a prayer-b(K>k, a catechism, and a series oi ser- "Sermones de adventu, quadragesimales, dominicales"

mons. Although credited with the gift of tongues, he and "De peccati stipendfio et gratiae jjraemio " (Paris,

had devoted over eight years to hS task. Maillard 1498, 1515, etc.; Lyons, 1503), dehvered at Paris in

was the only Catholic priest tolerated by the Endish 1498; "Quadragesimale", delivered at Bruges in 1501

in Acadia. When the Indians, to avenge British oar- (Paris, s. d.); printed with the author's notes and the

barity towards the Acadians and their missionaries, edition of his ''Sermon fait Tan 1500 ... en la ville

massacred every English subject that strayed within de Bruges" (2nd ed., Antwerp, s.d.); "Chanson piteuse

their reach, the Government appoale<l to Maillard,, , , chant^e & Toulouse 1502" (2nd ed., Paris» 182(a\%