Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 9.djvu/572

 within tiie baiS of the world granted by the pope to SpAin. HaKellan therefore resolved to seek the Moluccaa by Bailing to the west around South America. Ab he could not hope to arouse interest for the oaiTV- ing out of his pl^s in Portugal, and was hims^, moreover, misjudged and ignored, he renounced his nationality and offered his services to Spain. He r»- ceiv«d much aid from Diego Barbosa, warden of the castle of Seville, whoae dai^ter he married, and from the influential Juan de Aranda, agent of the Indian ofGce, who at once desired to claim the Moluccas for Spain. King Charles 1 of Spain (afterwards the Em- peror Charlea V) cave his consent as early as 22 March, 1518, being largely influenced to do this by the advice of Cardinal Juan Rodriguez de Fonseca. The king made an agreement with Ma^Ilan which settled the different shares of ownerehip in the new discOT- eries, and therewards to be granted the discoverer, and appointed him commaoder of the fleet. This fleet consisted of five vessels granted by the government; two of 130 tons each two of 00 tons each and one of 60 tons. They were provisioned for 234 persons for two years Magel-

the chief ship, the Trinidad; Juan de Cartagena, the Sam Antonio; Caspar de Quesoda, the Ckm cepcion; Luis do Mendoxa, the Victoria; Juan Serrano, the Santiago. The expedition also included Duarte Barbosa, Barbosa's nephew, the cosmo^pher Andres de San Martin, and the Italian Antonio Pigafetta of Vicenia, to whom the account of the voyage is due.

Hagellaa took the oath of all^iance in the church of Santa Maria de la Victoria de IViana in Seville, and received the imperial standard. He also gave a large sum of money to the monks of the monastery in order that theymight pray for the successof the expedition. The fieet salted 20 September, 1519, from San Lucar de Barameda. They steered by way of the Cape Verde Islands to Cape St. Augustine m fimiil, th^i along the coast to the Bay of Rio Janeiro (13 December), thence to the mouth of the Plata (10 January, 15201. In both these bodies of water a vain search was maae for a passage to the western ocean. On 31 March Magellan decided to spend the winter below 49° 16' south latitude, and remained nearly five months in the harbour of San Julian. While in winter quarters here a mutiny broke out, so that Magellan was forced to execute Quesada and Mendoza, and to put Cartagena

The voyage was resumed on 24 August, and on 21 October the fleet reached Cape Virgenea and, with it, the entrance to the itrng-aought straits. Thooe straits, which are 373 mites lone, now bear the name of the daring discovemr, though ne himself called them Canal de Todos ios Sant^ (All Saints' Channel). The San Antonio with the pilot Gomei on board se- cretly deserted and returned to Spain, while Magellan went on vrith the other ships. He entered the straits on 21 November and at the end of tjuee weeks reached the open sea on the other side. As he found a very favourable wind, be gave the name of Mar Paeifico to the vast ocean upon which he now-sailed for more than three months, suffering great privation during that time from lack of provisions. Keeping steadi^ to a northwesterly course, be reached the equator 13 February, 1521, and the Ladronee 6 March,

On 16 March Magellan discovered the Arcfai- peit^o of San Laiaro, afterwards called the Philip- pines. He thought to stay here for a time, safe from the Portuguese, and rest hjs men and repair his ships, so as to arrive in good condition at the now not distant Moluccas. He was received in a friendly manner by the chief of the island of CebiJ, who, after eight days, was baptised along with several hundred other natives. Mueltan wished to subdue the neighbouring Island of Macton and was killed there, 27 April, by the poi- soned arrows of the natives. After both Duarte Bar- bosa and Serrano had also lost tb^ir lives on the island of Cebi^, the ships Trinidad and Victoria set sail under the guidance of Carvalho and Gontalo Vai d'Espinoaa Mid reached the Moluccas 8 November, 1521. Only the Victoria, with Sebastian del Cano as captain, and a crew of eighteen men, reached Spain (8 September, 1522). The ship brought back 533 hundredweight of cloves, which amply repaid the expenses of the voy- age.

Magellan hinuelf did not reach his goal, the Spice Islands; yet he had accomplished the most difficult part of his task. He had been the first to undertake the circwnnavigation of the world, had carried out his project almost completely, and had thus achieved the most difficult nautical feat of all the centuries. The voyage proved most fruitful for science. It gave the firat positive proof of the earth's rotund it v and the first true idea of^ the distribution of land and wat«r.

Auoacrn, Primo viapffio intono dl globo Urraequeo CAOIkn. ISOO) (a publication ot the original H8S. of PitafMta's aceouDt, pnMTVed in the Ambtogiaa libmy, HlUn. tba Bibl. Nttjraiala, Puis, and T. Fitirov-Fcawick's— (oinMiiy Sir T. Phllippa'i — libtuy, Cheltanliun ); Pioafbtta, tr. aiid ed. Rosrbtsoh, MagrUiai'i Cow' around tht World, Originai and Compltle Text BfAe Oldal and Bet MS. (the Ambrof-" "« -' M"-" -> ">- — ^ _.^ — .L j(g,- ..

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of fact, supporting their interpretation with the evi- dence of all MSS. and versions, and patristic citations. All tliis evidence rationalists pronounce irrelevant: they class the story of the Ma^ with the so-called " legends of the chiklhood of Jesus ", later apocryphal additions to the Gospels. Adroittmg only internal evidence, tbe^ say, this evidence does not stand the test ot criticism. (1) John and Mark are silent. — This is because they begin their Gospels with the pub- lic life of Jesus. That John knew the story ot the Hogi may tie gathered from the fact that Irensus (Adv. Haer. Ill, ix, 2) is witness to it; for Irenaiua

B'ves us the Johannine tradition. (2) Luke is silent. — aturally, as the fact is told well enough by the other Sn^tics. Luke tells the Annunciation, details of the ativity, the Circumcision, and the Presentation of Christ in tJie Temple, facta of the childhood of Jesus which the silence of the other three Evangelists does not render legendary: (3) Luke contradicts Matthew and returns the ChUd Jesus to Nazareth immediately after the Preeentation (Luke, ii, 39). This return to NaiarelJi may have been either before the Magi came