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 MUAOftm 5

Bepublic and the Court of Tananarivo. The French ffliaaiooaries onoe more had to abandon their vork, which then mcluded one college, 9 normal schools, 443 schools and miaaion stations, S3 churches, 287 chapels, 2 leper-houses, an observatory^ a printing press, and various workshops. The staff of the mission com- prised: one bishop (the vicar Apostolic), 72 priests, 4 acholastics (one of them a Malagasy), 17 lay brothers, 16 Brothers of the Christian Schools, 29 Sisters of St. Joseph of Cluny, 819 native teachers of both seites. There were 26,839 pupils and 136,175 converts, of whom 41,133 had been baptized. During the military operations a great many of the Catholic missionaries Krved as chaplains in the expeditionary coipa, and several paid for their devotedness with their lives. Aft«r the conquest came the insurrection of the Taha- valo, in which Father Berthieu sacrificed his life for his Christians, whom he would not forsake : he was barbarously slaughtered by the insurgents. But his blood was the seed

counted something like thrice as manv adherents and. pupiu in its schools as it had before the war. As to the question whether all these new converts to the Faith were sincerely convinced, it must be said that the number of defections tends to show the eziat«nce of political or other human mo- tives. Many con- verts went over to Catholicism as they would have gone over toProteslantism had Eingland conquered the island, or as some went over to Metho- dism when the prime

queen, by their ad- i berence to it, made that a K Mgr Cazet

1 2 MinttW*

eran Mission of America (United Chvirch) ; also those oC the Free.Church and, lastly, of the Soci£t£ des Mia- sions Evangfliques of Paris. At present (1906) these different societies number about 115 representatives, men and women, in Madagascar, wtule the working staff of the three Catholic vicariates exceeds 300. Navertheless about nine-tenths of the inhabitants of Madagascar remain pagans. Progress is slow owing to the perplexity arising from a variety of Christian sects. I'd any pagan the spectacle of Christian preachers attributing contradictory doctrines to the same Hoo- ter must prove confusing.

FucocHT, HiMoire de ta Brand' Ut de Madagatair fPmiifc I6S8)l Mimo-iret de la Corarigation dt la Mittion. IX (Paris,

E, HiMom dt Madaffttacar (Pari

tSS4): RouviBi), Loin i

natofficiel di MadapfiK

<. 1902); .Mr^ dit

the burden

sort of state religion, o longer able to sustain

. . n of his vast and heavy responsibility for the

whole island. At his petition, two new vicariates Apos- tolic were created. That of Southern Madagascar, ex- tending from the l^wenty-second parallel of south latitude to the southern extremity of the island, was entrusted to the Laiarists, who, under Mgr Crouiet. resumed the work of theii'brethrcn after an interrup- tion of 200 years. That of Northern Madagascar, extending from the northern extremity to the eight- eenth parallel, was given to the fa^er^ of the Congre- Stion of the Holy Ghost, under Mgr Corbet. Mer zet kept the territory between 18° and 22° S. lati- tude^ forming the Vicariate of Central Madagascar. In view of (he development of his more densely popu- lated vicariate and, consequently, of its needs, Mgr Caiet asked and obtained the help of the Missionary Fathers of Our Lady of La Salette and the Sisters of Providence of Corenc, to whom he committed the Vakinankavatra district, while Betsileo was confided to the Jesuits of the Champagne province. Mgr Henry de Saune was appointed his coadjutor.

In the meantime tlie Protestants also liave multi- plied. To the missionaries and material resources of the London Missionary Society have, for some time past, been added those of the Friends' Foreign Mission Association and the Society for the Propagation of the Oatpe}, the Norwegian Mission, the Norwegian Luth-

'the Catholic Kmoa

uiEn, La bUAioQvuphie d» MadatatcaT, 1B00-IB05 tPstis, IBOS. 3 vola.).

Padl Caubou6.

Hadaurus, or Madadra, a titular see of Numidia. It was an old Numidiau town which, having once belonged to the Kingdom of Syphax. was annexed to that of Massinissa at the close of the second Punic War. It be- came a Roman col- ony about the end of the first century and was famous tor its schools. It was the native town irf Apu- leius, author of "The <AN*Bivci, Madaoabcab Goldeu Ass", and

of the grammarians Nonius and Maximus. Bt. Augustine studied there; through a tetter which he addressed later to the in- habitants we learn that many were still pagans. Madaurus, however, had many martyrs kaowp by their epitaphs; several are named iu the Roman martyrolo^ on 4 July. Three bishops are known: Antigonus, who attended the council of Carthage, 349; Placentius, the council of 407 and the Confer- ence of 411; Pudentius, sent into exile by Hunerio with the other bishops who had been present at the Conference of 484. The niins , 201-200.

S. VifTBiTtta.

Hadenut, Cahlo (1656-1629), known principally by his extension of St. Peter's, at the command of the

Kpe, from the form of a Greek to that of a Lalui cross. !gard for ecclesiastical tradition and other causes made the long nave preferable, notwithstandin^ that the effect of the cupola was thus much diminished. Madema began his task in the year 1605, forty years after the death of Michelangelo. By bringing the col- umns nearer ti^jether, he sought to lessen the un-