Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 9.djvu/550

 MiOON 507 McQUAID

In 1807, Dr. MacNeven delivered a course of lectures 1435 Charles VII of France, by the Treaty of Arras, on clinical medicine in the recently established College ceded it to Philip, Duke of Burgundy, but in 1477 it of Physicians and Surgeons. Here in 1808, he re- reverted to France, upon the death of Charles the ceived the appointment of professor of midwifery. In Bold. Emperor Charles V definitively recognized the 1810, at the reorganization of the school, he became Mdconnais as French at the Treaty of Cambrai( 1529). the professor of chemistry, and in 1816 was appointed The wars of religion filled M&con with blood; it was in addition to the chair of materia medica. In 1826 captured on 5 May, 1562, by the Protestant d'En- with six of his colleagues, he resigned his professorship tragues, on 18 August, 1562, by the Catholic Tavan- because of a misunderstanding with the New Yoik nes, on 29 Sept., 1567, it again fell into the hands Board of Regents, and accepted the chair of materia of the Protestants, and on 4 Dec, 1567, was recovered medica in Rutgers Medical College, a branch of the by the Catholics. But the Protestants of M&con were New Jersey institution of that name, established in saved from the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, prob- New York as a rival to the College of Physicians and ably by the passive resistance with which the bailifif, Surgeons. The school at once became popular be- Philibert de Laguiche, met the orders of Charles IX. cause of its faculty, but after four years was closed by Odet de Coligny, Cardinal de ChAtillon, who eventu- legislative enactment on account of interstate difficul- ally became a Protestant and went to London to ties. The attempt to create a school independent of marry under the name of Comte de Beauvais, was the rodents resulted in a reoi^anization of the Univer- from 1554 to 1560 prior, and after 1560 provost, of 8t- sity of the State of New York. Dr. MacNeven's best Pierre de M&con. The Abbey of Cluny, situated known contribution to science is his '* Exposition of within the territory of this diocese, was exempted the Atomic Theonr" (New York, 1820), which was from its jurisdiction in the eleventh century, in spite reprinted in the French "Annales de Chimie". In of the opposition of Bishop Drogon. There is still 1821 he published with emendations an edition of preserved in the archives of the city a copy of the Brande's "Chemistry'' (New York, 1829). Some of cartulary of the cathedral church of St-Vincent, re- his purely literary works, his *' Rambles through Swit- built in the thirteenth century, but destroyed in 1793. zerland" (Dublin, 1803), his "Pieces of Irish ffistory" Of the six councils held at MAcon (579, 581— or (New York, 1807), and his numerous political tracts 582—585, 624, 906, 1286). the second and third, con- attracted wide attention. He was co-editor for many voked by command of King Gontran, are worthy of years of the "New York Medical and Philosophical special mention. The first, in 681 or 582, which

Journal **. sembled six metropolitans and fifteen bishops, enacted

»;r"A~r'ii^'?^Ki;hl.ir?86ih''o^°/^^^^^ penalties agamat luxj^jmonz «» dergy, «;amrt

Medical GazeUe (1841), 65; Byrne. Afemoira of MUea Byrne clencs WhO summoned Other ClenCS befOTB lay tn-

(Paris, 1863); MKunns, Lxvea of the United Irishmen, aeiies iit bunals, and against religious who married; it also

l?tt (LoidSn"*" 892^037*®^' *'"*'*^™«' 'S**=^«' ^«^« '"»^ regulated the relations ofChristians with Jews. The

j^jjgg J "Walsh second, in 585, at which 43 bishops and the representa- tives of 20 other bishops assisted, tried the bishops M&con, Ancient Diocese of (Matisconensis), in accused of having taken part in the revolt of Gon- Burgundy (q. v.). The city of Mdcon. formerly the debaud, fixed the penalties for violating the Sunday capital of the Maconnais, now of the Department of rest, insisted on the obligation of paying tithes, estal>- Sa!6ne-et-Loire, became a civitcts in the fifth century, lished the right of the bishop to interfere in the courts when it was separated from the .£duan territory, when widows and orphans were concerned, determined Christianity appears to have been introduced from the relative precedence of clerics and laymen, and de- Lyons into this city at an early period, and Hugh, creed that every three years a national synod should Archbishop of Lyons, in the eleventh century, called be convoked by the Bishop of Lyons and the king. MAcon " the eldest daughter of the Church of Lyons ". ^^^H^ Chrieiiana (Nota), iv (1728). I038j-i i lO;. TnstrumerUa,

TU^ui^u,^^^^ u^«r»<.^»« ^«.«A;n4-x>^^;a4^«A<,.«.^»l;»««u«4. 263-90; Duchesne, Faales Epxacopatu, U (Pans), 1U5-198:

rhe bishopnc, however, came mto existence somewhat d^ la Rochbtte. Hietoire dee &vique» de M.icon (2 vols. MAcon.

later than might have been expected: in the latter 186e-67); Chavot, Le Mdconnaie, giooraphie historioue (Paris,

part of the fifth century it was still a Bishop of Lyons if?^); Raout and Chavot, CaHidairede Saint-Vincent de

«.u^ K«^.,»k4. <,..^»r««» ♦X ♦K«. r«.«;»A cri-^'^L^^JT .%^>^«vi» ^t M&con. connum>u9 lenomdelivre enchainS {Mkcon, 1864): Jean-

who brought succour to the fanune-stncken people of dbt, uddcon au XVI* sOcU (MAcon, 1892); Rameau. La kevolw

MAcon. At the end of that same century CloviS S OCCU- tion dona randen diocese de Mdcon (MAcon, 1900) ; Chaumont,

pation of the city both foreshadowed the gradual ^*^^^5J^^"§2[JSf*e«^ ^o^

establishment of Prankish supremacy and broiight JS^oon. 1903); VirSt. VA^Seeture ronume daniTandeTdio^

with it the utter rout of Ananism. Duchesne thinks ekee de Mdcon (Paris, 1892); Chevauer, Topobibl., 1799-1800. that the Bishopric of Mslcon, suffragan of Lyons, may Georges Gotau.

have ori^nated in an understanding between the Merovuigian princes after the suppression of the Bur- * McQuaid, Bernard John, first Bishop of Roches-

§undian state. The separate existence of M&con as a ter, U. S. A. ; b. in New York City, 15 December, 1823:

iocese ended at the French Revolution, and the title d. at Rochester, 18 January, 1909. His father, Bernard

of M&con is now borne by the Bishop of Autun. McQuaid, from Tyrone, Ireland, settled in Powel's

The first bishop historically known is St. Placidus Hook (now Jersey City), New Jersey. It was in the

(538-55). The authentic list of his successors, as re- McQuaid home that Mass was first said in Powers

constructed by Duchesne, comprises several bishops Hook, by Father John Conron, on the first Sunday in

venerated as saints: St. Florentinus (c. 661); St. Cselo- Advent, November, 1829. After his college course at

donius, who assisted at the Council of Lyons in 570: C^mbly, Quebec, young McQuaid entered St. John's

St. Eusebius, who assisted at two councils, in 581 ana Seminary, at Fordham, and was ordained in old St.

585. Tradition adds to this list the names of Sts. Patrick's Cathedral, New York, 16 January. 1848.

Salvinius, Nicetius (Nizicr), and Justus, as bishops of Most of the State of New Jersey was at that time in-

MAcon in the course of the sixth century. Among eluded in the Diocese of New York, so Father Mc-

other bishops of later date may be mentioned St. Quaid was sent as assistant to the pastor at Madison.

Gerard (886-926), who died in a hermitage at Brou When the Diocese of Newark was created in 1853,

near Bourg-en-Bresse, and Cardinal Philibert Hugonet Bishop Bayley made Father McQuaid rector of his

(1473-84). For many centuries the bishops seem to cathearal church, and later, in 1866, his vicar-genenJ.

have been the only rulers of MAcon; the city had no With the bishop he founded Seton Hall College, and,

counts until after 850. From 926 the countship be- without giving up his parochial charge or his diocesan

came hereditary. The MAconnais was sold to St. office, was its president for ten years. He helped to

Louis ill 1230 by Alice of Vienne, granddau^ter of establish the Madison, New Jersey, foundation of the

the l(Vit count, and her husband, Jean de Brame. In Seton Sisters of Charity. When th.e Cvv^lH4<^^^\^«s^