Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 9.djvu/544

 HAOHUTILU .<]

his Hirict fulfilment of every sarrcfl iluly,iu)it llie uffcc- tioiiute considerat ion and hoBpitality uver displayed U>- wardB his clcrg^'. His intense n^-ipect for Baucnlotal difRiitynnidercdliimslowto reprimand, though tic was iiiflexinle in matters of faithaiid principle. Eveiy Sun- day he preached a sormon in Iriah at the cathedral, and during his dioeenaii visitations lie alwa^'s ad- drpiwcd the poor people in their native tongue. On jounieya he usually conversed in Irish with his atten- dant chaplain, anil never addresxcl in any other tongue the poor people of Tuam or the l)cKgar8 who greeted him whenever he went out. He always en- eourajn'd the preservation of the Irish langiiagp, and compiicl in it a catechism and a praycr-l)ook. More- over, he made translations int« Irish of portioiis of the Holy Seriptures as well as the magnificent Latin hymns, "Dies Inn" and "Staliat Mater". He trans- lated into Irish Moore's "Melodies" and Honier'M " Iliad". In the preface to his translation of the first bonk of Iha "Iliad" he wrote that "there is no European tongue Ijetter adnptnd than ours (Irish) to a full or perfect version of HomiT". The^p Irish works of Dr. M.^IInlc ex- cited ihesinccn' admiral ion of all Celtic scholars who were alile to appreiiate the I leaul y of h is c lasficn 1 ( ioel ie. He celehrateil the golden jubilee of his episcopacv in - — The vcnerahli. old

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ng his usual mmlc of life an for oh hi.t strength piTmiltcd and niuking the visitations i if liin diiK-esc. He prcach<-d lii.-t last Irisli sermon after his Sunday Uoss. April, IKXt Heilii-dartrr a short illness, ntid is buried in Tuaru Ca- thedral.

0'Reii,ly. Lifir «! John .»■ Halt. ArrkhMop «/ Tuam. _ viiIh. (Nxw Yiirk): Moork in Dul. Xat. Biaa.. ». v.; Bubku, Ltti of Ihe IMIulir. Arehbi^hap, «l

Hachianlli, XicoLb, historian and sintcsnian, li. lit Florence, .1 Moy, UOfl; d. there. 22 June, 1627. Ilisfnmily is Kjiid to have lieen descended from the dd niiirquesses of Tuscany, and tii hiive diven Florence thirteen fonfalunien of instiee. His fat Iter, Bemanio, was n. Ia»-j-cr, and acted as treasurer of the Marches, liul W!iM far from wealthy. Of Nieol'I's studies we only know that he was a pupil ot Mareello Vireilio. In UftS he was elected secretary ot the Lower (^an- ciTy of I he Signorv, and in later j-oars he heW the name pn«t under the Ten. Thus it chanced that tor fiuirteen years l»e had cbar0> ot the home and foreign eiirrcspondencc of the republic, the registration ot triids, the keening of the miniiles of the couneiU. and the dnifting di agreements with other states. Mote- over he Wiis sent in various cnpacilies to one or other lucidity within the Stale of Tuscany, and on twenty- tliriH,' occasions he acted as legate on important em- iKissies to foreign princes, e. g. to Catherine Sforsa (1499), to France (1500, 1510, 1511), to the emperor

II HAOHIAVKLU

(1507, 1509), to Rome (1.">0:{, 1500), to C.-esnr llorgb (1502), to (iian I'aohi Buglione at I'erugiu, to the Petrucei at t^iena, and to Piomhino. On these em- bassies he gave evidence of wonderful keenness of ob- Ber^'ntioa and insight into the hidden thoughts of the men he was denhiig with, r.ither than ot any great diplomatic skill, .\fter the defeat of France in Italy (1512) the Medici once motv olitained conirol m Florence; the secretary was dismissed ami exih-d tor one year from the citv. On the discovery ot the Capponi and Bnsc<ili plot against Cardinal (.liovanni de Medici, Mitchiavclu was aceu-sed as an accomplice, and tortureil, hut he was set free when the eaitlinai beciime Pope Leo X. Thereupon Iw retired to wniie

Eroperty he had at Slni<la near ,San Casciano, when e gave himself up to the study lA the classics, espe- ciidly Livy, and to the writing of his political and literary histories. Both I^eo X and Clement VII sought his advice in pulitic:d matters, and he was ofteu employed on partic- ular missions affecting matters of state, as, for in- stance, when he was sent to Francesco Guiccardini, the pupal leader in the Koma- gna and general of the army of the League, concerning I he fort ifica lion of Florence, lie maile vain efforta t« secure a public post under the Mciliei, bemif ready even to s.icrifiee lus politi- cal opinions for the purpose. He returned home after the sack of Home (12 May, l.')27) when the power ai the Mediei had I>een once more overthrown, but his old political pnriy turned ^igiiinsl him as one who fiiwneil on tyrant.s. He

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... -ich goes from Ihefall of iJicKrupirR to 1402, deilicaledloClem- eiil VII, al whose tequest it hiid lieen written. "IJescri- ziniie del modo tcnuto dal ihica Valentino nclloanunas- VitelloKito \'itelli. elc."; '" Vila di Castruccio Ca»-

ine '; "Diseiiniisopni la prima decstdi Tito Livio";

Uescrisione drlla jiestc di FirenEC dell' anno 1527"; to this group belong uUo his letters from his embassies us well us hw min<ir writings concerning the afTaira of Pisa, Lucca, France, (iemiany. Political: — "II Prin- cipe", "Discorso sopra il KiEormarv lo Stato di Fi- ren«e"; " Deirartc della guemi", and other military works. lAtfTaTij: — "Dialogo sulle linguo"; five comedies: "Mnndragola"; "Cliiiu"; a eoniedy in prose; "The Antlria" of Terence, a translation; a comedy in verse; " I Decennaii" (a metrical history of theyears H9.^i-1504): "Pell' Asinod'oro", writin(^ on moral subjects; 'La sereiiata"; "Canti Camas- eialeschi"; anovel, ''Belfagor", etc.

Machiavelli's eliaraeter as a man and a. writer has been widely disousseil, and on Iwh heads his merits and dements have been exuggerati-d, but in such a way that his demerits have iireponderatcd to the det- riment of his mctnury. MachiavellLsni has I>6eoine synonymous with trcaeliery, intrigue, subterfuge, and tyranny. It has been ei-en siiirl that " Old Kick", the popular name of the Devil among Ancl-Sason races, derives its origin from that <if Nicolo Machiavelli. This dubious fame he haawao,U-j 'NaV«»j*.'<s*i'-'iTa»