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in 1849 by the Marists who had been miraculously preserved from a flood; Notre Dame de Valfleury, near Saint Chamond, a pilgrimage dating from the eighth century and re-estabushed in 1629 after a plf^e; Notre Dame de Vemayj near Roanne.

Religious Congregations. — In 1901, before the appli- cation of the Airaociations Law to congregations the Diocese of Lyons possessed Capuchins, Jesuits, Camil- Hans, Dominicans, Carmelites, Oblates of Mary Im- maculate, Redemptorists, Sulpicians, Clerics of St. Via- tor, and three great orders native to the diocese: (1) ITie Marists, founded by Ven. Colin and approved by Gregory XVI in 1836; they had their mother-house at Lyons, which governed a number of establishments in England, Ireland, Belgium, Spain, America, New Zealand, and Australia, and they were chained with the Vicariates Apostolic of New Caledonia (since 1847), of Central Oceanica (since 1842), Fiji (since 1844), Samoa, and the Prefecture ApostoUc of the Solomon Islands. (2) The African missionaries (Mis- donnaires d'Afrique), an association of secular priests founded in 1856 by Mgr de Marion-Bresillao and charged with the Vicariate Apostolic of Benin (1860), with the five Prefectures ApostoUc of Ivory Coast 0895), Gold Coast (1879), Nigeria (1884), Dahomey (1882), and the Delta of the Nile. This congregation has two Apostolic schools, at Clermont-Ferrand and at Cork, Ireland; and two mieparatory schools at Nantes and Keer-Maestricht, Holland. (3) The Lit- tle Brothers of Mary, founded 2 Januarv, 1817 by Ven. Marcellin Champa^at, vicar at Valla, d. 1840. The mother-house at Samt Genis-Laval, near Lyons, governs 7000 members, 14 novitiates, 25 juniorates, and about 800 schools, either elementary, agricultural or secondary, in France, Belgium, Denmark, Spain, Great Britain, Italy, Switzerland, Tmrkey, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, the United States, Colombia, Egypt, Cap Haitien, Seychelles, Syria, i^rabia, China, Austra- liiL New 2iealand, New Caledonia, Central Oceanica.

The Brothers of St. John of God have their mother- house for France at Lyons. The Society of the Priests of St. Iremeus is engaged in teaching and giving dio- oesan missions^ In 1901 the Diocese of Lyons had a diocesan "grand s^nunaire'' and a university semi- nary at Lyons, a seminary of philosophy at Alix and five " petits s^minaires " at St. Jean de Lyon, Dueme, St. Jcxiard, Vemidres, and Montbrison; the first of these was founded under Charlemagne.

The female congregations native to the Diocese of Lyons are numerous ; the following deserve special men- tion : The Sisters of Notre Dame de Fourvidres, founded 1732 at Usson, for teaching and nursing, with the mother-house at Lyons; the Sisters of St. Charles, founded 1680 by the Abb6 D^mia, teaching and nurs- ing, with mother-house at Lyons; the Religious of the ^ Perpetual Adoration of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and ' Blanr, founded 1820 by the Cur6 Ribier, with their mother-house at Lajarasse; the Religious of the Five Wounds of Our Lord, founded at Lyons in 1886 as a contemplative, nursing, and teaching order, which has houses in Canada; the Sisters of the Child Jesus, teaching, with their mother-house at Claveisolles, the origin of which dates from the opening of a little school in 1830 by Josephine du Sablon; the Franciscan Sis- ters of the Propagation of the Faith, founded in 1836 by Mother Moyne for the care of incurables with mother-house at Lyons; the Reli^ous of Jesus-Mary, a teaching congregation, founded m 1818 by the priest Andr6 Coindre and Claudine Thevenet, whose mother- house installed at Lyons governs a number of houses abroad; the Ladies of Nazareth, teaching, founded in 1822 at Montmirail (Mame) by the Duchesse de La Rochefoucauld Doudeauville, whose mother-house re- moved to Oullins in 1854 governs several establish- ments in Palestine and at London; the Religious of Our Lady of Missions, founded at Lyons in 1861 for the missions of Oceanica; the abbey of the Benedictines of

the Holy Heart of Mary, founded 1804, the first house of this conmgation to be restored after the Revolu- tton; the Religious of the Holy Family, founded in 1825 by the Cur6 of St. Bruno les Chartreux for mis- sion work among workmen; the Sisters of St. Francis of Assisi, founded in 1838 by pious working women for education and nursing, with mother-house at Lyons; the Sisters of St. Joseph, founded 1620 at Puy, by Bishop Maupas, reconstituted in 1807 in the Diocese of Lyons for hospital and teaching work, with mother- house at Lyons, also sends subjects to the missions of Armenia and America.

Statistics. — At the end of the nineteenth century the religious congregations maintained in the Diocese of Lyons 2 maternity hospitals, 3 da}r nurseries, 193 nurseries, 2 children's hospitals, 9 hospitals for incura- bles, 1 asylum for blind ^Is, 4 asylums for deaf mutes, 5 boys' orphanages, 49 girls' orphanages, 4 workrooms, 3 inaustrial schools, 2 schools of apprentices, 5 institu- tions for the rescue of young women, 1 house of cor- rection for young women, 1 house of correction for boySj 3 institutions for the reform of adults, 61 hospitals, infirmaries, or asylums for the aged, 19 houses for the care of the sick in their homes, 2 homes for convalescents, 5 houses of retreat, 2 insane asylums. In 1908, three years after the Separation Law w^nt into effect, the Archdiocese of Lyons had 1,464,665 inhabitants, 74 parishes, 595 branch churches, 585 vioariates

OtUlia Christiana (nova) IV (1728). 1-211. indrum. 1-40; DucHESNB, Fades Epiacopaux, I, 38-59; II. 156-73; Fisquet, La France pontificale: Lyon (Paris. 186S); Charlety, Hidoire de Lyon (Lyons. 1903); Condamine. Le premier bereeau de rApodolai lyonnaia Hdela propagation de la fox: la prison de 8L Pothin (Lvons. 1890) ; Hirschfeld. Zur Qeschichte des Chridenr thums in Luadunum vor Constantin in Sitzungab. A kademie Wis- senst^ften (Berlin. 1895), 381-409; Leblant. Inscriptions ehrf» tiennes de la OatUe, 3 vob. (Paris. 1856. 1865, 1892); Mabtin, Conciles et btUlaires du dioctse de Lyon (Lyons. 195); Idem, Hidoire des iqlises et des ehapdles de Lyon (Lyons, 1909); Mbtnib, Orands souvenirs de Ciglise de Lyon (Lvons. 1886); FoBRSTBR. Drei Erzbisehdfe vor tausend Jahrhundertem: Aqo' bardits voh Lyon (Gutersloh. 1874); Martin. Vnc manifestalton thSologique de Valise de Lyon; Vadoptionisnie d les arcnevfques Leidraa d Agobard (University Catnolique, 1898); Bernard, L'iglise de Lyon d VimmacuUe Conception (Lyons. 1877); Per- RIN. La culture des lettres d les dablissements dindruction h Lyon [Memoires de VAcademie des Sciences, Bdles lettres d Arts de Lyon (1893)]; Guioub. Recherches sur les reduseries de Lyon, leur origine, leur nombre d le genre de vie des rectus (Lyons, 1887); Idem. CaHulaire des fiefs de Vfglise de Lyon 1175-1621 (Lyons, 1893) ; Sachet. Le grand jubiU siculaire de S. Jean de Lyon (Lyons. 1886); Begule. Monographic de la cathfdraU de Lyon, (1880); Briqhtman. Liturgies, Eastern and Western (OiBford, 1896); Duchesne. Origines du culte chrdien, (a study of Christian liturgy prior to Charlemagne) (2 ed. Paris, 1898): tr. McClurb (London, 1906); Bouix. La hturgie de Lyon au point de vue de Vhidoire d du droit in Revue des sciences eccUsv- adiaues VI (1862); Pothier, Le chant de Viglise de Lyon du Vin au XVIII eiede in Revue de VAH Chrdien XV (1881); CMmonial Romain Lyonnais, published by order of the arch- bishop (Lyons, 1897); Bbybsac, Les prMis de Fourviirss, (Lyons, 1908); Cheyaubr, Topo-bibl. (1788-93).

Georges Goyau.

hyonB, Councils of. — Previous to 1313 the Abb^ Martin counts no less than twenty-eight S3rnods or councils held at Lyons or at Anse near Lyons. The

Eretended colloquy between the Catholic and Arian ishops of Biirgundy, said to have been held in 499, is regarded, since the researches of Julien Ilavet, as apochryphal. This article deals only with the two general councils of 1245 and 1275.

I. (General Council op 1245. — Innocent IV, threatened by Emperor Frederick II, arrived at Lyons 2 December, 1244, and early in 1245 summoned the bishops and princes to the council. The chronicle of St. Peter of Erfurt states that two hundred and fifty prelates responded; the annalist Mencon speaks of three patriarchs, three hundred bishops, and numerous prelates. The Abb<^ Martin without deciding between these figures has succeeded in recovering to a cer- tainty the names of one hundred assistants, prelates or lords, of whom thirty-eight were from France, thirty from Italy, eleven from Germany or the coun*