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 LUGO

418

Titroo

S convents of women. The population is about 366,- 000, practically all Catholics. The diocese takes its name from the capital of the province (19,000 inhab- itants) which is situated on the Rio MiAo. The city is surrounded by an immense Roman wall, 36 feet meh and 10 feet broad. It possesses a fine cathedral dedi- cated to ^t. Froilano, built about 1129, though the actual main facade and towers date only from 1769. Its elegant stalls were carved by Francisco Monro (1624). This cathedral enjoys the extraordinary priv- ilege of having the Blessed Sacrament perpetually exposed, a privilege which is commemoratea in the annorial bearings of the town. The seminary of San Lorenzo, Lugo, with 400 students, was founded in 1591; it is incorporated with the University of Sala- manca.

Perujo and Angulo, Dice, de Cieneian Edesidtt., b. v.; Fl6rbe, Espana aacrada, XL (1706), XLI, (1708).

A. A. MacErlean.

Logo, Francisco de, Jesuit theologian, b. at Madrid, 1580; d. at Valladolid, 17 December, 1652. He was the elder brother of Cardinal de Lugo, and, like him, a distinguished member of the Society of Jesus, which he entered at the novitiate of Salamanca in 1600. In answer to his request for the foreign mis- nous, he was sent to Mexico, where, quite apart from any desire of his own, he was appointed to teach theology, a task which his rare talent enabled him to perform with much success. Being recalled to Spain, be sailed in company with others imder the protection of the Spanish fleet: but unfortimately cluring the voyage the Spanish fleet encoimtered the Dutch, and in the ensuing struggle Francisco de Lugo, although he succeeded in saving his life, could not save the greater part of his commentary on the entire Summa of St. Thomas. He subsequently taught both philos- ophy and theology in Spain, was censor of books, and theclogian to the General of the Societv of Jesus at Rome. Having been twice rector of the College of Valladolid, he died with the reputation of being a brilliant theologian and a very holy man, being especially remarkable for humiUty. His published works are : " Theologia scholastica; "Decursus prsevius ad thedogiam moralem^'; '^De septem Ecclesise sacra- mentis, praxim potius quam speculationem attendens et intendens ; " De sacrainentis in eenere . -

H.XJBTJiTt,Nomenelator literariua^ I, 373: soMMMiyoGKL, Bibiy dslaC.deJ.,Y,75,

J. H. Fisher.^

Logo, John de, Spanish Jesuit and Cardinal, one of the most eminent theologians of modern times, b. at Madrid in November, 1583, though he used to call himself "Hispalensis'*, because his family seat was at Seville; d. at Rome, 29 August, 1660., Both his father, John de Lugo, and his mother, Teresa de Quiro- ga, whose family name he bore for a time, as was the custom for the second son, were of noble birth. Such was de Lugo^s intellectual precocity that at the age of three years he could read printed or written books; at ten, he received the tonsure; at fourteen, he defended A public thesis in logic, and about the same time was ap^inted by Philip II to an ecclesiastical benefice wmch he retained till his solenm profession in 1618. Like his elder brother Francis, he was sent by his father to the University of Salainanca to study law; but Francis having entered the Society of Jesus where he became a distinguished theologian, John soon de- sired to imitate him and, having vainly asked his father's permission, in two letters, he entered without it in 1603. After completing his studies, he was ap- pointed professor of philosophy at Medina del Campo, m 1611, and later of theology at Valladolid, where he taught for five years. His fame as a professor of theology atti-acted the attention of the General of the Jesuits/Af utius Vitelleschi. and de Lugo was summoned to Rome, where he arrivea early in June, 1621.

The teaching of de Lugo at Rome was brilliant; hla lectures even before being printed were spread by copyists in other countries. When the General of the Society ordered him to print his works, he obeyed and without help had the material for the first three vol- umes prepared within five years (1633, 1636, 1638). When the fourth volume, "De justitia et jure", was about to be published, his supenocs thought it proper that he should dedicate it to urban VIII; de Lugo had to present it himself to the pope, who was so much sur- prised and delighted by the theologian's learning and judgment that he frequently consulted him, and in 1643, created him a cardinal. This put an end to de Lugo's teaching; but several of his works were pub- lished after 1643. As cardinal he took part in the Congregations of the Holy Office, of the Council, etc. and often had occasion to place his learning at the service of the Church. He die4 aged seventy-seven, being assisted by Cardinal Sf orza Fallavicini, one of his most devoted disciples, also a Jesuit. Accoixling to his wish, he was buried near the tomb of St. Ignatius that "his heart might rest where his treasure was'', as is said in his epitaph. De Lugo was a man not only of great learning, out also of great virtue; obedience alone induced him to publish nis works and he always retained the simplicity and humility w^hich had led him to refuse, but for the pope's order, the cardinali- tial dignity; the fine carriage sent by Cardinal Bar- berini to brine him as a cardinal to the pope's palace, he called his hearse. His generosity to the poor was venr great, and although his income was small, he daily distributed among them bread, money, and even remedies, such as quinquina, then newly discovered, which the people at Rome used for a time to call Li^'s powder.

llie works of John de Lugo, some of which have never been printed, cover nearly the whole field of moral and dogmatic theology. The first volume " De Incamatione Domini" (Lyons, 1633), of which the short preface is well worth reading to get an idea of de Lugo's method, came out in 1633. It was followed by: " De sacramentis in genere; " " De Venerabili Eucha- ristis Sacramento et de sacrosancto Missas Sacrificio" (Lyons, 1636); "De Virtute et Sacramento poeni- tentise, de Suffragiis et Indulgentiis " (Lyons, 1638);

id "De justitia et jure " (Lyons, 1642), the work on

' [ch de Lugo's fame especially rests. In the com- of this important treatise, he was greatly ' ^' knowleage of law acquiied in his younger days afi^M^anca, and it was this work which ne dedicated and presented to the pope in person and which may be said^ have gained for him a cardinal's hat. De Lugo wrote two other works: "De virtute fidei divinffi^ (Lyons, 1646), and "Responsorum moralium libri sex" (Lyons, 1651), published by his former pupil and friena. Cardinal Storxa Pallavicini. In these six books de Lugo gives, after thorough dis- cussion, the solution of many difficult cases in moral theolo^; this work has a very high value both from a theoretical and a practical standpoint, as in the main it consists of questions proposed to him for solution during long years. The seventh volume, " De Deo, de AngeuB, de Actibus humanis et de Gratia " (Cologne, 1716), was published over fifty years after the author's death; the idea, as we find it expressed on the title page, was to complete his printed course of lectures. Other works on theology and especially on philosophy: "De Anima", "Philosophia", "Logica", "De Trini- tate", "De Visione Dei", etc. are still preserved in manuscripts in the libraries of Madrid, Salamanca, Karlsruhe, Mechlin, etc.

Among the imprinted works, the analysis of Ar- nauld's book "De frequenti Commimione" and the "Memorie del conclave d'Innocenzo X: Riposta al discoiso . . . che le corone hanno jus d'eschiudcre b' cardinali del Pontificato" may be of special interest; they are the only controversial works of de Lugo.