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LUOO

tista (Bordeaux, 1730), and Villiers de S. Etienne (Orleans, 1752). Bin. Carmdit., II, 272-600.

Benedict Zimmerman.

Lnegor, Kabl, burgomaster of Vienna, Austrian political leader and municipal reformer, b. at Vienna, 24 October, 1844 v d. there, 10 March, 1910. His father, a custodian in the Institute of Technology in Vienna, was of a peasant f amilv of Neustadtl in Lower Austria, his mother, the daughter of a Viennese cab- inet maKcr. After completing the elementary schools, in 1854 he entered the Theresianiun, Vienna, from which he passed in 1862 to the University of Vienna, enrolling in me faculty of law^ taking his degree four years later. After serving his leeal apprenticeship from 1866 to 1874, he opened an office of nis own and soon attained high rank in his profession by his sure and quick judgment, his exceptionallv thorough l^al knowledge, and his cleverness and eloquence in handling cases before the court. His generosity in giving ms ser- vices gratuitously to poor clients, who flocked to him in great numbers, was remarkable, and may account largely for the fact that, although he practised law until 1806, he never became a we»Bklthy man.

In 1872, having decided upon a political career, he joined an independent Liberal political organization, the Citizens' Ciub of the Landstrasse, one of the dis- tricts, or wards, of Vienna. Liberalism, which had guided Austria from aristocracy to democracy in government, was at this period the one political creed uie profession of which offered any prospect of suc- cess m practical politics. But Liberalism nad come to mean economic advancement for the capitalist at the cost of the small tradesman, the capitalist being usually a Jew. The result was an appalling materi^ moral degradation and a regime of political corruption focussed at Vienna, which city in the seventies of the last century was the most backward capital in Europe, enormously overtaxed, and with a population sunk in a lazy indifference, political, economic, and religious. The Jewish Liberalism ruled supreme in city and country ; public opinion was moulded by a press almost entirely Jewish and anti-clerical; Catholic dogmas and practices were ridiculed; priests and religious in- sult^ in the streets. In 1875 Lueger was elected to

Liberal party, the back-bone of which was the imioii of Christians called variously the Christian Socialist Union and, in Vienna especially, the United Chris- tians. This union developed later into the present (1910) dominant party in Austria, the Christian So- cialists. In 1895 the United Christians were stronjg enough to elect Lueger burgomaster of Vienna, but his majority in the council was too small to be effective and he would not accept. His party returning after the September elections with an increased majoritv, Lueger was once more elected burgomaster, but lib- eral influence prevented his confirmation by the em- peror. The coimcil stubbornly re-elected him and was dissolved. In 1896 he was again chosen. Not, however, imtil the brilliant victory of his partjr, now 'definitely called the Christian Socialist pa[rty, in the Reichsrat elections in 1897, when he was for the fifth time chosen bui^^omaster, did the emperor confirm the choice.

Lue^er's subsequent activity was devoted to mouldmg and guiding the policy of the Christian Socialist party and to the re-creation of Vienna^ of which he remained burgomaster until his death, his re-election occurring in 1903 and 1909. The political ideal of the Christian Socialists is a German-Slav- Magyar state imder the Habsburg dynasty, f eder^ in plan. Catholic in religion but justly tolerant of other beliefs, with the industrial and economic advance- ment of all the people as an enduring political basis. The triumph of the party has conditioned an ever- increasing revival of Catholic religious life and organi- zation Of every kind. Under Lueger's administration Vienna was transformed. Nearly trebled in size, it became, in perfection of mimicipal organization and in success of municipal ownersnip, a model to the world. In beauty it is now imsurpassed by any Euro- pean capital. A bom leader of the people, Lueger joined to a captivating exterior a fiery elocjuence ta- pered by a real Viennese wit, great organizing power, unsullied loyalty to the Habsburg dyimstVj and unim- peachable integrity. Among all classes his influence and popularity were imbounded. A beautiful char- acteristic was his tender love of his mother; he was himself in turn idolized by children. He was anti- Semitic only because Semitism in Austria was po- litically synonymous with political corruption and

the Vienna city coimcil for one year. Re-elected ijf loppressive capitalism. Lueger never married. Afear- Lill term of three years, he resigned hissg^ ^ less outspoken Catholic, the defence of Catholic rights

Sas ever in the forefront of his programme. His leerfulness, resignation, and piety throughout his last illness edified the nation. His funeral was the most imposing ever accorded in Vienna to anyone not a royal personage.

Stadracz, Dr. KaH Lueger, Zehn Jahre BUrgermeieter (Vi- enna, 1907) ; Idem J[)r. Lueger'a L^hen und Wirken (Klagenfurt); Dublin Review, CXLII, 321; Drum in the Meewnger, 1906; Ahkrn in America^ III, 5, 33.

M. J. Ahern.

1876 for a f uU

in consequence of the exposure of corrupti city administration. Having now become '^SttTl^deir of the anti-corruptionist movemen^. he was again elected councillor in 1878 as an ixioependent candi- date, and threw himself heart coid soul into the battle for purity in the municipal government.

In 1882 Lueger's party, called the Democratic was joined by the Keform and by the German National organizations, the three uniting imder the name ^ti- Semitic party. In 1885 Lueger associated Imnself with Baron Vogelsang, the eminent social-political worker, whose influence and principles had great weight in the formation of the future Christian So- cialists. The year 1885 witnessed, too, Luegcr's election to the Reichsrat, where, although the only member of his party in the house, he quickly assimied a leading position. He made a memorable attack on the dual settlement between Austria and Hungary, and against what he bitterly called "Judeo-Mag- yarism" on the occasion of the Aiugleich between Austria and Hungary in 1886. A renewal of this at- tack in 1891 almost caused him to be hounded from the house. At his death there were few members of the Austrian Reichsrat who did not share his views. In 1890 Lueger had been elected to the Lower Aus- trian Landt^; here again he became the guiding spirit in the struggle against Liberalism and oormp- tion. In municipal, state, and national polities he was now the leader of the Anti-Semitic and Anii- IX.— 27

Luffano. See Bable-Lugano, Diocese of.

Logo, Diocese of (Lucensis), in Galicia, Spain, a suffragan of Santiago, said to have been founded (by Agapitus) in Apostolic times. The see certainly ex- isted in the fifth century, as the authentic catalogue of its bishops begins with Agrescius (a. d. 433), who is ranked as a metropolitan; Lugo, however, became a suffragan of Braga somewhat later. In 561 it was restored to its ancient dignitv, Orense, Iria, Astorga, and Britonia being its depenaent sees. Councils were held at Lu£o in 569, 572, and perhaps 610 (see Baro- nius, 1597; Uardouin, Cone, II, 373). In 666 it a^ain lost its metropolitan rank. The see is now occupied by Mgr Emmanuel Basulto y Gimenez, elected 4 Septem- ber, 1909, in succession to Mgr Murua y L6pez; the diocese embraces all the province of Lugo and part of Pontovedra and Corufia. It contains 1102 parishes.

gerujo says 647, infra), 1108 priests, 649 chapels, and oratories. There are 5 religious houses for mecL^^a^^