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 LOUISVILLE

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LOUISVILLE

tonsure and minor orders (cf . Bullar. Franc, IV, 332). Neither Bull s^ms to have been carried out. From .Tolm of Orta (Anal. Boll., IX, 292) it appears that he was tonsured only on 1 Nov., 1295, after his release. Louis then returned to Naples. After renouncing s^L the rights of succession in favour of his brother Robert, he was ordained subdcacon in Home by Boniface VIII, and in 1296 deacon and priest at Naples (Anal. Boll., IX, 314). Boniface VIII ap- pointed the saintly young priest Bishop of Toulouse, out Louis, wishing first to Decome a Friar Minor^ received the Franciscan habit in Rome from the minis- ter general. Jolm Minio of Murro, on 24 Dec., 1296, and immccliately made solemn profession. He was consecrated Bishop of Toulouse by Boniface VIII on 29 (30?) Dec, 1296 ("Bullar. Franc", IV, 422; cf. "Anal. Boll.", IX, 297). After the Feast of St. Agatha (5 Feb.), 1297, on which day he appeared for the first time publicly in the Franciscan nabit, he betook himself to Toulouse, where his mild figure and his virtues were admired by everybody. He was the father of the poor and a model of administration. But his episcopate was very brief, for on his return journey from a visit to his sister, the Queen of Aragon, he was seized by fever and died at Brignoles.

We have scarcely any record of literary work of St. Louis. Recently, however, Amelli, O.S.6., published iu the "Archivium Franciscanum Historicum", II (Quaracchi, 1909), 378-83, a small treatise on music written by the saint, and from this it appears that he is also the author of a " Liber de Musicae Commenda- tione". Sbaralea ("Suppl. ad Script.", Rome, 1806, p. 498) ascribes to him also some sermons. His canon- ization, promoted by Clement V in 1307 (Bullar. Franc, V, 39), was solenmized by John XXII on 7 April, 1317 (loc. cit.. 111). His relics reposed in the Franciscan church at Marseilles till 1423. when they were taken by Alfonso V of Aragon to the cathedral church of \^alencia, of which towp Louis became patron saint. His feast, celebrated in the Franciscan Order on 19 Aug., was decreeil by the general chapter held at Marseilles in 1319 (Anal. Franc, III, 473). and the rhytlmiical office, beginning Tecum^ composed by the saint's brother^ King Robert of Naples, was in- serted in the Franciscan Breviary by the General Chapter of Marseilles in 1343 (loc. cit.^ 539), but seems to have been abolLshed by the Tridentme reform of the Breviary imder Pius IV, 1568 (cf. Acta SS., Aug., in,80o)

Tho best contemporary life Is by the saint's chaplain, John DE Orta in Anal, BoU., IX (Paris and Brussels. 1890). 27&-340: ibid., 341-51 (miraclcfl); and in Anal. Ord. Min, Cap., XIII (Rome, 1897), 338-51, 360-72; XIV (1898), 16-27, 83-92: some appendixes, ibid., 92-4, 120-6, 150-8, 181-3. A second old life is by Peter Calo, of which extracts are given ia Acta SS., Aug., Ill, 781-97, passim; a compendium edited by Presuti in Archiv. Franc. Hist.,! (Quaracchi. 1908), 278-80: cf. ibid., 669-76 (miracles). Bartholomew of Pisa in Anal. Franc., IV (Quaracchi. 1906), 309-17; Chronicle of the XXIV Generals in AnaL Franc, III (Quaracchi. 1897), 447-52; Blume and Dreyer, Anal, Ilymmca Medii JSvii, XXVI (Leipzig. 1897), 265-74,^ve three riiytbmical offices formerly used in Franciscan Breviunes. For some samples of notable nymns see EuBfesB (aLOP, Cantua varii tn usu apud nostraiea (Toumai. 1902). 177-88. Leon, Lives of the Saints and Blessed of the Three Orders of St. Francis (Taunton. 1886). 20-49. tr. from the Au- • rSole S^raphique, III. The best modern life b: Vbrlaque, Saini Louis, prince royal, H'ique de Totdouse (Paris, 1885) ; da pALBfA, Vita di S. Lodoxico d^Angib (Naples, 1855). On the Iconography, see Salter. Franciscan Legends in Italian Art (London, 1905), 180-1S2; Bertaux, Les saints Louis dansVart italien in Reime drs Deux Afow/«, CLVIII (Paris. 1900), 616-44; Klein'Rchmidt, St. Lwlwig tnm Toulouse in der Kunst m Archi- vium Franc. Hist., II (Quaracchi. 1909) 197-215. Oonceming the sixth centenary see the richly illustrated work, S. Lodovico . d'Angio, . , e Siui SantUh Leone XIII, Ricordodel VlCente- nario della morte del Santo 1S97-1897 e del LX Anniversario dd Giubileo Sacerdotale di Sua Saniit<'i 18S8-1898 (Rome. 1«98).

LlVARIUS OlJGEB.

Louisville, Diocese of, comprises that part of Kentucky west of the Kentucky River and western boTvlora of Carroll, Owen, Franlklin, Woodford, Jes- samine, Garrard, Rockcastle, I^aurel, and Whitley

C-ouutics, embracing an area of 22,714 square miles. Prior to the erection of the Covington Diocese (29 July, 1853), it embraced all the State of Kentucky with an area of 47,0(X) square miles. Ori^nally it was called Diocese of Bardstown, and its bishop administered spiritually a territory now divided into over twenty- eight dioceses (five of which are archdioceses). The first Catholics who are known to have settled in Ken- tucky were William C^mes and family (Mrs. CToomes was not only the first white female settler, she was also the first school-mistress) and Dr. Hart the first resident physician. They were among the first white settlers at Ilarrod's fort (Spring, 1775). Catholic settlers soon followed from Maryland, and in a short time their niunbers were greatly increased by an influx of Irish-bom immigrants. The latter were probably more numerous at Hardin Creek station than at anv other, with the sole exception of the wholly Irish settlement at Lower Cox's Creek (seven miles north of Bardstown), where the Irish language was almost ex- clusively spoken (see Kentucky). Dr. Carroll was unable to send a priest before the vear 1787^ and re- ligion suffered greatly thereby. The first missionary sent (1787) was Father Whelan, an Irish Franciscan, succeeded by Fathers Badin, de Kohan, and Barridres, Foumier and Salmon. The nrst American-bom priest assigned to Kentucky was Father Thayer, a converted Congregational minister. He remained four vears, only two of which were spent in missionary cluties. Father Nerinckx arrived at St. Stephen's on IS July, 1805, and remained there with Father Badin till 1811. He was a tireless and energetic worker, and erected ten churches. He founded the Sisterhood of Loretto (see LoRETTO, Sisters of). A colony of Trappists, under Fr. Urbaji Guillet, came to Kentucky in 185, and settled on Pottinger's Crock, about one zbile from Holy Cross church, and established a school for boys. Fr. Guillet, however, withdrew his monks from Kentucky in the spring of 1809. The Dominicans under Father Fenwick came to Kentucky in 1806, and settled on a farm (now St. Rose's Convent near Springfield). A brick church was immediately begun but not finished until 1808. This was the cradle of the Dominican Order in the United States. Upon the resignation of Father Fenwick, Father Wilson was appointed pro- vincial and under him the foundation became prosper- ous and permanent. A novitiate opened in 18(^ was soon filled with candidates from the school.

Erectiok of the Diocese op Bardstown. — ^Pius yil ("Ex debito", 8 April, 1808) erected Baixistown into an episcopal seat and appointed Rev. Benedict Joseph Flaget, a Sulpician, as its first bishop. The new diocese embraced the States of Kentudcy and Tennessee, and its bishop was given spiritual juris- diction, not only over his own diocese proper, but also, until other dioceses might prudently oe formed, over the whole north-western territory (states and terri- tories) of theUnited States hnng between 35® N. latitude and the Great Northern I^akes, and between the states bordering on the Atlantic Ocean and the Rocky Moun- tains, thus including the present States of Buchigan, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, about half of Arkansas, Wisconsin, and Iowa. From this mother-see of the West were formed ten dioceses (including that of Little Rock) in the life of its first sainted bishop. Though the Bulls for Flaget's consecration readied him in September, 1808, the consecra- tion did not for several reasons take place until 4 November, 1810, when Bishop Caixoll, assiBted by Bishop Cheverus (Boston) ana Bifi^op Egan rPhila- delphia) consecrated him at St. Patridc's cnureh. Fell's Point.

Bishops. — (1) Bishop Flaget, aooompanied by Fathers David and Savine, and three semiDiurians (one of whom, Guy I. Chabrat, was afterwards the second coadjutor to Flaget) reached Louisyille from Pitts- burg on 4 May, and arrived on 9 May, 1811, at Banto*