Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 9.djvu/412

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■1m «nt(md bto the plao of his eampaiga K^lnat feudalism. He even restored the Duchies of Die and Vslentmois to Piue 11. But when he saw that the pope ma unwilliiv to aid him in recapturing Genoa, and su[>port«d the Neapolitan claims of Ferrante, the candidata hostile to the House of Anjou, Louia ehanged bb attitude, and, in 14G3, t>egan a religious mr. It waa marked tw the ordinance of Paria (17 Felmiary, 1163) which forbade the giving of any of the property of deceased ecclesiastics to the poatificnl collectors; by the ortlinancca of Murct [24 May. 140:t) ftndLuzieu(19June, 1464), by which the king claimed the diapoaal of all vacant benefices aa a right of the Crown (r^lida) and revived the Pragrantic Sanction in DauphinT by the ordinance of Dampierre (June, 14A4), whion prohibited the raising of undue sub- ndies established by Rome; by the ordinance of RuA (7 September, 1464), which Buppresacd the grtten tepealativea (reversion- aiT rij^ta to beneficea). Theae orainauoes were so displeas-

Uoreover, Louis, at the begin- lungof the reign of Paul II, refused to allow the collection ^ tithes for the orusades, and entertained the proposals of Fodiebrad of Bohemia, for a»- •embling aa anti-papal coun- eil. But the discontent of Uie Glergy with Louis helped to develop the League of the Public Weal (1465), the mem- bers of which askel Paul II to release them from their

_ .. _.e friendly

policy towards Roroe ; he sent thither aa hia ambassador, Balue, Biahop of Angera, and by the ordinance of Etampea (24 July, 1467) revoked the edicts cuttailiuK the papal authority. But when, in 1468, the kmg wished to try Cardinal Balue for trea- son, ft eoofliet aroae between Louis and Paul II, who did not wish the cardinal to be tried by civil judges. During Uw three years' struggle, Ixiuis could not in- duce the Holy See to reet^mze the supremacy of the lay magiatraoy. He impneoned Balue and the other prelat«B. for whose liberty the Holy See was contend- ing. There aeemed to be no way of coming to terms, Wtan, in 1471, Paul II waa Buececded by Sixtus IV. The Dew pope sent Cardinal Bcssarion to France to preach the oruaade against the Turks. Louis sent enefices: the pope waa *a diR>uM> of them only during sva months ot *J>e jear. Ol the reversionarv righta reserved to tbe pope, two out of six were to be at the disposal of the royal family and the parliamentary courts. The pope made other conoeaaions in matters of taxation ana Juriadiction, Thiaconcordat marks the fir^t sue- eearful attramtt on the part of the French kings to aecniire the nght of intCTfcring in the nomination to w <ilwyiiitifal <Acea. Soon both parties were dis- aatiified with the ooncordat. Moreover, the political ^fsqiatliiaa of the pope and hia legates with the cause

of ChailM the Bold irritated Louis, who L

self by oocupyiiiK Avignon, hf ordering (8 Januajr', 1475) pontifical Bulls to be verified before being puo- lialied m France, and by convoking a general council at Lyons.

Louis, however, did not wish to go the length cf causing a schism' bis policy from that time was directed against the pope as a temporal sovereign. The conspiracy of the Fazzi (1478) gave him an im>. portunity. Lorenso do' Medici asked his help; he intervened, and charged Commines with diplomatic missions to Florence and Rome. Soon he became the undisputed arbiter of Italy, The pope's attcinpt to win the support of Austria was unsucceaful. On the other hand, as Louis needed the help of the p<^ to bring about peace with Majdmilian. he and SixtUB IV were reconciled, thanks to the diplomatic skill o( the legate, GiuUano della Rovere, later Julius II, who also obtained the re- lease of Balue. A certain amount of coquetting between France and the papacvmarked the last months of Louis's life. Sixtus IV oiTered the Dauphin of France the in- vestiture of Naples; and Louis, who acted aa arbiter between tbe pope and Venice, decided in favour of the Holy See. The results of this rdgn were twofold: on the one hand, the moral hegemony which France had gained in Italy, and which made Louis XI in the words of the Florentine Government "the preserver of peace in Italy", inaugurated the policy that gave nse to the waia of Italy; on the other hand, the manifold negotiations between the king and the pope, and tbe concordat of 1472, had prepared for the Church of Prance the coming of a regime in which the pope and the king, without consulting the bishops and the clergy, di- between them the gov-

XI died in the amis of St. Francb of Paula, and was buried in the church of Notre- Dame -de- ClSrj^, near Orldans, whither ho had frequently gone aa a pilgrim. Bauk. Hittoire de CharUt VII d it Louit XI, «L QnicHEUT (Paris, IS.'M-'J): ConuiNEB, Uimoirn. ei. Dummt IPsiia, 1840-T>; VoFMs ct Ch*r*vat. LcIIth dt Louii XI (fuk, lSS5-ID(XJ):DccLOB. //ti'vt'ratfaLDuii.T/ (Psm, 17M); Tbi- MULT. Im ffUTUue de Lout* XI CPtrit. I90S): Coubbt, Zdwi XIHleSainl-SHat (Paris, 1903); Rbt. Lovii XI it In Halt pm- ■ (ft f rowf oa -Vl'- n/fle CGnsDohli:, 1890); Pi-rroH. Hit.

1,pfth

lO-l).

wf aa XV litcU CGnsnohli:, 1890); Pimm. Hi*. n from Ihe Clone el Uu UiddU Aga. Ill, IV (St.

Geokgeb Goyau.

LoniB XIT, King of France, b. at Soint-Ciermajn-

en-La_vc, IC Septenilier, 11)38; d. at A'crsailles, 1 Sep- tember, 1715; was the son of Louis XIII and Anne of Austria, and liecumc king, upon the death of his fa- ther, 14 May. lC4:t. Until 1(>01 the real master of France waa Cardinal Masorin (q. v.), under whose government his countrv, victorious over Austria (1643-18) and Spain (1643-59), acquired by the Treaties of Westphalia (1684) and the Pyrenees (1659) Alsace, Artois, and Roussillon, which had already been occupied by French troops since the days w Richelieu. As a result of the marriage between Louis XIV and Maria Theresa of Austria, Louis XIV also acquired tights over the Low Countries. When Louis's personal government began (1661) France