Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 9.djvu/389

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IV. Mooehn C.'n"ii. Admihihtiiathin. — Lorat Gov- iriiment. — It has ulnsody l>eeii bucii that the extent of the city of London, properly po-called, was limitol by the ancient walla, and that there grew up a vast npw citysurroundiii^ the ancient one and gradually absorb- ing all the outlving villogejt. Until 1855 the city if self waa governed by ancient charters, and the rest of the metropolia by »xrochial systems under various Acts of

Hertford, the latter embracing London south of the Thames and the rest of the old vicariate. The prog- ress of Cathol-cism since 185(1 will be found under

Westmixstkh and SiiiiTiiivAiut. The jirclatcs hav- inx jurisdiction over IjOnilon sinee that date have been: — Arefdn'shups u/ Weitminster: — Cardinal Nicho- laii Wiseman, 1850-18C5; Cardinal Henry Edward HanntnK. im5-l^S2; C^ardinal Herbert Vaughan, 1892-190:); Francis Bourne, 1903. Buhops >•/ fioulh- uwrA-.— Thomas (Irani. 1851-1870; JamcH Danell, 1871-1881; Rolwri Coffin, C.SS.R., 1882-1885; John Butt, 188.'>-1897; Francis Bourne, 1897-19a3; Peter Amigo, 1904, The following figures refer to London itself, including only the postal district: —

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Tlicrc ore no means of iisccrtaining even approxi- mately the total nuinlxT of CalhotirH now in l.oridon, but it is estimated variously from SOO.IKK) to 40(1.000. All other particular* will be found uuder Westmins- ter and fk)UTHWAHK.

45 memlxrrs of which were electeil by thirty-nine ves- tries, or district Ixmrds. Originally established for the construction of sewers, it was entrusted by later Acta with very many other duties and powers, including all street improwments, the care of parks and open , and the maintenance of the fire-brigade. But [W l(ody in noway affected the City corporation, which preserved all its original rights within the City boundaries. This state of tilings continued until 1889, when the Local Government Act of 1888 came into operation. This Act created an administrative county of London, which covers an area of 121 square miles. The City of Loudon was very slightly affected by the Act and is still governed by the City corpora- tfon. For non-administrative purposes, Huchaaauar- ter-sessions and justices, the City and the rest ol the metropolis form two counties, "known respectively as the County of the City of Ix>ndon and the County of London.

(a) The City of I^ondon. — The government of the City properbv the lord mavor, aldermen and common coiincilmen iaa alreadv been descriLied. The lord mayor is elected annuafly on 29 Sept. from the alder- men who have serve<l as sheriffs. The electors are the ■'livery" consisting of the freemen of London. The new lord mayor is sworn into office on 8 Nov., and on the following day makes his final declELration of office before the Lord Chief Justice of England. The state

Eicession on this occasion is popularly known as the rd Mayor's Show. The City corporation retains within iti» proper limits its civil and criminal jurisdic- tion and full rights of local govemment. It returns two members to Parliament.

(bVThe I/)ndon County Council.— The Countv of London consists of twenty-eight boroughs, each of which is ruled by a mayor and corporation — Etatt«^ sea; Bermondsey; Bethnal Green; Camberwell; Chel- sea; Deptford; Finsburj-; Fuibam; Greenwich; Hack- ney; Hammersmith; Hampsiteatl; Holbom; Islington; Kensington; lAmlM^h; Ijcwisham; Paddington; Pop- lar; St. Mnr>-leI>one: St. Pancras; Shorcditch; South- wark; Stepney; Stoke Ncwiugton; Wandsworth; Westminster, City of; Woolwich. These boroughs form the locnl admin ist^ati^'e authorities, and act as local .sanilarj- authorit ies, arc the overseers of the poor, collect, the rates, are responsible for making, lighting, and regulating the slrectif, and providing public baths and libraries. But the central administration remains in theIx>ndon County Council, consisting of ISSmeni- liers. viz., a chairman, 1!) aldermen, and tl8 council- lors. The powers of this council are vcr>- wide, includ- ing all duties formerly liclonging to the MetropohtAo BtKird of Works in connexion with drainage, parks and open spaces, fire-brigade.-?, street improvementa, tramways, artisans' dwellings, infant life protection, etc. Secondly, those transferred from the former eouiity-just ices with regard to reformatorj- and indus- trial schools, lunatic asylums, music and dancing licences, coroners, etc. Thirdly, powers as to high- ways, supervision of common lodging-houses and licensing of slaughter-liousi's. Fourthly, new powers conferred by recent Actfi of Parliament as to registra- tion of electors, public healtli. historic buildings and monuments, suppression of nuisances, refonnatoriea for inebriates, and the n dm inist ration of Acts such as the Shop Hours Art, Employmentof Giildren Act.and MidwivM Act. Fifthly, under the Fiducation (Loo-