Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 9.djvu/382

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though hy thi> time tixtsy were pla8t«i:«d and whib>- wMbed. During the thirteenth century the conven- tual eBtabhshmente were increased by the coming of the friuB, who unlilca the Benedictines and Aucustin' iana, prtSemd to live in the midst of cities. The Oo- nni n iw^tun eatabliafaed themselves in Holbom (1221), and in the district still bearing tbetr popular name, Bkckfrian (1276), on which occasion the city boun- daries were enlarged so as to include their property. The FranciBoana (Grey friars) settled in Farringdon Without in 1224; the Carmelites (White Friars) near Fleet Street (1241); the Austin friars in Broad Street Ward (12A3); the Crutcbed friars (1298). The same poriodwitnaied the rebuildingof Westminster Abbey. beKun hy Henrv III in 1245 and finished in 1295, and of St. Paul's wnere a new Gothic choir was b^wi in 1240, and other additions including a tower were madetillinI316thecathedralwascoropIet«. Another

In 1411 the Guildhall was rebuilt, and duruw

the century the walls and gates were strengthened. That this was a wise precaution in a disturbed age is shown by the failure of the attack on London during the Wars of the Roses when Thomas Neville assaulted each gate in successioa and was repulsed at every oi

Wbrde, Pynson, and other great printers,. ._

pation of Richard III and the murder of Edward V and his brother in the Tower (14S3) were the last events in the history of London under the Planta-

London under the T'udnrt. — The opening of this pe- riod was marked by repeated outbreaks of the " Hweat- ing sickness" which was so common in England that it was known as the Sudor Anglicanui. Taia £iBt ap>

noteworthy church of this period was St. Saviour's, Southwark (1250). In 1285 the citizens were de- prived by Edward I of their right of electing the lord mayor and they did not regain it till 1297. In 1290 the Jews, who since the time of William the ConC|Ueror had lived in what is still called Old Jewry, were ex- pelled from England.

The fourteenth century was signalized by the great ^ague of 1349 which carried oS one-half of the entire popalBt«m of England. Close to the spot where many of the vicUms were buried Sir Walter Manny built tl^ ChartertuHue in 1371. The remains of this Carthu- •ianhoueeare the only extensive monastic buildings of medievsl London which have survived the Reformo- tioD and the Great Fire. In 1381 the peace of London was disturbed by Wat T>'lcr's relielhon when much damage was done in the city till the citizens arrayed themselves in arms against the rebels and for the de- fence of the king. The close of the century witnewed the first mayoralty of Sir Richard Whittington, the papular hero of London and a muniliccnt benefactor to the city. He fiUed the office three times (1397, 1406 and 1419) and built Newgate, Christ's Hospital and » coDiiderable part of St. Ikirtholomew's hospital aa well oa the chapei and library at the Guildhall. Con- tanpoiary with him was one of London's greatest Bona, Geoffrey Chaucer, who died at Westminster (1400). Tbe fifteenth century witnessed little devel- opment in London. Repeated attacks of plague, es-

1607-1677)

peared in 1485 and broke outagainin 1500, 1517, 1528,

and 1551, carrying off thousands at each visitation; while in 1500 tnirty thousand Londoners fell victims to the plneue. Nevertheless the city continued to prosper under the finn Tudor rule, and frequent royal paEcants were seen in its streets. Henry Vll added to Westminster Abbey the finest building in the Per- pendicular Style in £jigland. His chapel was bceun in 1502andflnishedin 1517. In 1512 the royal palace at Westminster was burnt, and Henry VIIl was left without a London residence until in 1529 he took pos- - session of Wolsev's palace, York Place, and renamed it Uliitchall. In 1530 he began to build St. James's

And now a great change was in store for London, though it came about little by little. In 1534 Heniy obtained the scbismatical Act of Parliament abolish- ing the authority of the pope, and in the following year the Act of Supremacy gave him the title "Su- preme Head of the Church in l^ngland." London was reddened with the blood of martyrs; the Carthusians of the London Charterhouse, Blessed John Fisher and Blessed Thomas More suffered in the summer of 1535. Others followed in succeeding years. In 1536 the smaller religious bouses were suppressed; in 1539 the ercater monasteries fell. The Benedictine Abbeys of Westminster and Bennondsey; the Cistercians of St. Mary Graces; the Augustiniacs of the Priories of St. Bartholomew, Smithfield, Holy Trinity, Aldgate, and