Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 9.djvu/375

 St. Pfttrick for Trim. St. Lonuui did not long survi^ his promotion to the episconite, and after a brief visit to iia brother Broccaid at Emlach Ech in Connacht, be resigned hia see to hia princely convert Fort«hem, with the permission of St. Patrick. Fortchem, how- ever, through humility only ruled tor three days after the death of St, LomaJi, and then ceded hiB of&ce to Cathlaid, another British pilgrim, St. Loman is not to be confounded with St. Loman of Loch Gill, County Sligo, but he ia said to have founded Port Loman in County Westmeath,

0'ir*NLO(f, titwt of I

Lift o/SL Polrick (Du

Bt. Pmnek (toodan. 1S8T).

W. H. GRATTAN-FnOOD,

fold, and otheia gained

literature, among ihe latter being the famous Fran- ciscan, Luke Wad- ding. After re- ceiving his early education at Wat- erford, young Lombard was sent to Wpstmineter School, whence, after some years, ho went to Oxtotd. AtWestminater School one of Ida

Erofessors was the istorian Camden, and pupil and i

16 LOHBASIVT

ment. Aimagh was thus left without an aichbishop for nearly a quarter of a century. There was however an adnumstrator in the pemm of the weU-known David Kothe. He had for a time acted at Rome ■■

act in this capacity even after 161S, whwi he was made Bishop of Ossory. The Northema bitteriy cMnplained of being left so long without an archbishop. In anr case they disliked being ruled by a Hunsteiman, still more bein^ ruled by one unwilling to face the dangen of his position. At Rome Lombard wrote "DeRe^Ki HibemiBB sanctorum insula commentarius" (Louvoin, 1632; re-edited, Dublin, 1868 with prefatory memoir, by Bishop, now Cardinal liloran). This work ^ve such offence to Charles I that he gave special direc- tions to his Irish viceroy, Strafford, to nave it sup- pressed, Lombard also wrote a httle work on the ad- ministration of the Sacrament of Penance, and in 1604 a yet unedited work, addressed to James t, in favour of religious Uberty for the Irish (Belleaheim, "Gesch. dc KaUi. Kirtihe in Irland", 11 (Maim, 1890), 323-25,

ter (

. have

Camden's Irurning wasKreatandlA>m-

ArohUihop at Anuch ( lflOl-35)

of his master for hie gentli ^. . _

also takes credit for having made his pupil a good Protestant. But the change, if it ixrciirrcd at all, did not last, and Ijombanl, after leaving Oxford, went to Louvain, passed through his philasojihic and theolog- ical cla^'scs with great distinction^ graiiiuted as Doctor of Divinity, and was ordained priest. Appointed pro- fessor of theology at Louvain University he soon at- tracted notice by the extent o( his leammg. In 1594 he was made provost of the cathedral at Cambrai. When he went to Rome, a few years later, Clement VIII thought so highly of his leaminp and piety that he appointed him, in IGOl. Archbishop of Armagh. He also appointed him his cTomeslic prelate, and thus secured him an income, which in the condition of Ireland at (he time, there was no hope of gelling from Armagh.

Henceforth till his death I^mbard lived at Rome. He was for a tJine presidem iif the "Congregatio ile Auxiliia " (((. v.) cliargeij with ilie duly of pronouncing ai Stolina's work and settling the controversy on pie- destination and grace which followed its publication (Schnecman, "Conlroversiarum dcdivinie gratiiE libcr- Ique arbitrii concordia initia et progressua ", Fr^ihurg, 18811. Lombard was active and lealous in providing for the wants of the exilcil Earls of Tyrone and Tyr- oonnel, and was among those who publicly welcomed them to Rome. He was not however able to go Ui Ireland, for the penal laws were in force, and to set foot in Ireland would b« to invito the martyrdom of (yDevanny and others. This would certainly have boBti Lomoatd's fate, for James I personally disliked liim and publicly attacked him in the English Parii»-

lin, 1880); Smciligium Oisorirni (DubUn, 1874-84}; REHaHU, Iri^ ArJU/Mopi (Dublin, 1861).

E. A. D'Alton.

Lombard, Petkr. See Peter Lombard.

Lombardy, a word derived from Longobardia and used during the Middle Ages to designate the country ruled over by the Longobards, which varied in extent with the varying fortunes of that race in Italy. Dur- ing their great^t power it included Northern Italy, part of Central Italy, and nearly all Southern Italy ex- cepting only Calabria (inaccessible because of its mountainous character), anil a narrow strip of land along the west coast including the cities of Naples, Ciacta, Amalli, and TermAna. Geographically it was divided into eight regions: — Austria, to the north-east; Neustria, to the north-west; Flaminia and a portion of Emilia; I^mi>ar(l Tuv;ia; the Duchy of 8poleto; the Duchies of lieucvi-jitu and Salerno; Istria; the Ex- archate of Ravenna, and the Pentapolia, a late oon- qucst which did not remain long in the hands of tha Longobards. Sometimes the country was divided into Greater Lombardj', including Northern, or Trans- tiherine, Italy with Pavia as its capital, and Lesser Lombardy, or Cistiberine Italy, namely the Duchies of Benevento and Spoleto. In the ninth centu^ the name Lombardy was synonymous with Italy, Politi- ■ cally the country was divided into thirty-six duchie^ of which we know with any certainty the names of only a few; these are: Pavia, Milan, Brescia, Bergamo, Verona, Vicenza. Treviso, Friuli, Trent, Istria, Asti, Turin, Panna, Piacenxa, Chiusi, Rc^o, Lucca, Fl<w« ence, Fermo, Rimini, Spoleto, and Benevento. After the kingdom had passed into the hands of the Franks and the frontier duchies hod asserted their independ- ence, and new principalities had been set up, e. g. the Venetian territory in the east, Piedmont in the west, the States of the Church in the south, the old name shrank untii it came to signify that extent of country comprised more or lees witlun the Duchy of Milan, bordered on the north by the Swiss cantons; on the west by the River Ticino and Lake llaggiore, which separate it from Piedmont; on the south Dy the Biver Po, which separates it from Emilia; and on the east by the lUver Mrncio and I&ke Garda, which separate it from the Venetian territory. These are its bounda- ries at the present time.

Actually, Lombardy is one of the thirteen regJooB into which Italy is divided and it contuns eight prov- inces: Bergamo, Brescia. Como, Cremona, Maotua, Milan, Pavia, SondHo. It is the most popidous prov- moe of Italy, with 4,300,(XX) inhnbitanta and an ana of 8973 sq. miles. The wealth of tbo eountrjr oi