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LOAVKS

moufl vote the generalship of the order in succession to Cardinal Cajetan. After visiting the Dominican houses in Sicily and other countries he returned to Spain. Here he made the acquaintance of King Charles V who, recognizing in him a man of more than ordinary ability, chose him for his confessor and later, with papal sanction, offered him the See of Osma, for whicn he was consecrated in 1524. Subsequently he held several offices of considerable political impor- tance. In 1530 Clement VII created him cardinal and transferred him to the See of Siguenza. The following year he was made Archbishop of Seville^ and Commis- sary-General of the Inquisition. G. Haine found, in the royal library at bimancas, Garcfa's letters to Charles V written in the years 1530-32. They con- tain information of the greatest importance for the history of the Reformation as well as for the religious and political history of Spain during that period. Tbey manifest, moreover, the accomplishments of the authoi^ the honour in which he was neld and the un- Umited confidence the emperor placed in him. His

writings are limited to a few pastoral letters.

Qcimr and Echabd, Scriptores Ortlinia Pradicatorum^ II, 89; ToDRON, Huloire dea hommea illuatres de I'ordre de <S. Dominique, IV* 03.

Joseph Schroeder. Loandft. See Angola, Diocese of.

Xiomngo, Vicariate Apostouc of (Lower French Congo). — Formerly included in the great Kingdom of Conffo, Loango became independent towards the end of the sixteenth century, at which time it extended from the mouth of the Kwilou to that of the River Congo. By the treaties of 1885 all this country, over which Portugal had till then exercised a somewhat uncertain sway, became part of French Congo, except the enclave of Cabinda which still remained under Portuguese control. The transference of civil domin- ion ^fected the ecclesiastical distribution of the terri- toi^. By decree of 24 Nov., 1886, the Vicariate Apos- tolic of Irench Conffo, or Lower Congo, more properly LoangOy was detachea from that of Gaboon; and in 1800, as a result of further division, the Vicariate of Upper French Con^o. or Ubangi, was erected. The tluee vicariates whicn make up French Congo — Ga- boon, Loango, Ubangi — embrace an area, approxi- mately, of one million square miles. The official re- turns (1908) for French Congo and its dependencies are given in the ''Annuaire Pontifical Catholique" (1909), 342, note.

Hie Vicariate Apostolic of Loango lies to the south of that of Gaboon; on the west, it is bounded by the Atlantic; on the south, by the Massabi river, Cabinda, and Belgian Congo; to the east is the Vicariate of Ubangi, from which it is separated by the Dj u^ as far as the upper reaches of that river, and thence onward by a line clrawn to meet the head waters of the Alima. The natives are known by the generic appellation of Ftots, i. e. "Blacks'', and belong to the groat Bantu family. Of the numerous dialects the most important is the Kivili. Amongst those who have contributed to the knowledge of uie language are Mgr Carrie, the first Apostolic vicar, and Mgr Derouet, now in charge. The revival of missionary enterprise followed a grie- vous lapse on the part of the tribes from a relatively high degree of culture; fetichism, in its grossest forms, was everywhere rampant. The work ofChristianiza- tion has been attended with serious difficulties, but in one year (1901) more than one thousand conversions were registeredf to the mission of Loango alone. The vicariate, entrusted to the Congregation of the Holy Ghost, numbers about 1,500,000 inhabitants, of whom more than 5,000 are Catholics and 3000 catechumens. Hiere are 24 European missionaries, 1 native Driest, 46 catechists, 15 brothers, and 11 sisters. Of the minion stations— 8 resident al, 62 secondary' — Loango. at the head of the Niari-Kwilou portage route, ana ftarting-point of the "route des cara vanes'' to Bra-

zavillc. is the most important. Its fitness for serving as chief French port and railway depot of the territory has received serious attention of late. In this place (now a mere group of factories), which is the residence of the vicar, the fathers have their own printing estab- lishment. The seminary and house of novices are at Mayumba, where P. Ignace Stoffcl founded the mission in 1888. There are established in the vicariate 6 parochial schools, with 750 boys; 6 orphanages, with 650 inmates, and 1 religious institute of men, with 6 houses.

The present vicar Apostolic is Mgr Jean Derouet, of the Congregation of the Iloly Ghost and of the Immac- ulate Heart of Mary, titular Bisliop of Camachus. He was bom at Saint-Denis-de-Villenette, Diocese of S<Sez, Department of Orne, France, 31 Jan., 1866. Ordained in 1891, he went as missionary to the Congo, and in 1904 was named pro- Vicar Apostolic of Loango. He w^as chosen bishop on 19 Deceml)er, 1900; conse- crated 3 Feb., 1907, in the chapel of the Holy Ghost, at Paris; preconized on 18 April of the same year; and appointed Vicar Apostolic of Lower French Congo.

Ann, Pont. Cath. (1910): AfMWonM Catholica (Rome, 1907); PioLET, I^n Miasions, V (Paris, 1902), ix, 265-271; Geranhta Cattolica (1910); Reinhold in Buchberqbr, Kirchlichea Hand- lex., 3. V. Kongo (2); db BimiUNE, Lea Miaaiona Catholiqwn (TAfrique (Lille, 18S0); Guiral, Le Congo Franeaia (Paris, 1889); Renooard, L'Oueat-Africain et lea Miaa. Cath.: Congo el Oubanghi (Paris, 1904). See also Ix)rin, Lea progria r^centa du Congo Fran^rautin Revuedca Deux Mondea (Aug., 1907); Idem in Revue Economique Internal. (Aug., 1909).

P. J. MacAuley.

Loaves of Proposition, Heb. D^DH nrh, "bread of the faces", i. e. " bread of the presence [of Yahweh]" (Ex., XXXV, 13; xxxix, 35, etc.), also called cnp Dfl^, "holy bread" (I Kings, xxi, 6), n31j;on Orh, "bread of piles " (I Par., ix, 32 ; xxiii, 29), l^nn Dnf), " continual bread" (Num., iv, 7), or simply Dn^, "bread" (Ileb. Version, Ex., xl, 23). In the Greek text we have various renderings, the most frecjuent being Aproi r^i Tpo6(<r€(as^ "loaves of the setting forth" (Ex., xxxv, 13; xxxix, 35, etc.) which the Latin Vulgate also adopts in its uniform translation panes proposUionis, whence the English expression "loaves of proposi- tion ", as found in the Douay and Reims versions (Ex., xxxv, 13, etc.; Matt., xii, 4; Mark, ii, 26; Luke, vi, 4). The Protestant versions have ''shewbread" (cf. Schaubrot of German versions), with the marginal " presence-bread ".

In the account of David's flight from Saul, as found in I Kings, xxi, 6, we are told that David went to Nobe, to the high priest Achimelech, whom he asked for a few loaves of bread for himself and for his companions. IIa\ing been assured that the men were legally clean, the high priest gave them "hallowed bread: for there was no bread there, but only the loaves of proposition, which had been taken away from the face of the Lord, that hot loaves might be setup". The loaves ot bread spoken of here formed the most important sacrificial offering prescril)ed by the Mosaic Law. They were prepared from the finest flour, passed through seven sieves, two-tenths of an ephod (about four-fifths of a peck) in each, and without leaven (Lev., xxiv, 5; Josepnus, "Antiq.", Ill, vi, 6; x, 7). Ac- conling to Jewish tradition they were prepared in a special room by the priests who were appointed every week. In I Par., ix, 32, we read that some of the sons of Caath (Kohathites) were in charge of preparing and baking the loaves. The Bible gives us no data as to the form or shape of the individual loaves, but, according to the Mishna (Men., xi, 4; Yad, Tamid, v, 9), they were ten fingers in length, five in breadth, and with rims or upturned edges of seven fingers in length. Twelve of these loaves were arranged in two piles, of six loaves each, and while still hot placed on the "table of proposition" (Num., iv, 7) or "most clean table" (Lev., xxiv, 6) made of setim-wood and over- laid with gold. Tbft d\TCk&i\^Qii^ ^\ >(XiRi \ak\^^^\«k\:^^