Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 9.djvu/322

 fruk Uvit in &ikinaii«i ME.; O'Hanujn. Licit of Iht IruA SaintK HEA1.T. Iniand'i A«Hrnl Sriuiolt and .Sr^lon [5th ed., Dublin, 1908): LirtM of At Irinh Saintt from Ou Book of Li- llian. idiWd by Weitlit Stoku (Oifonl, ISSO); O'Cdsbt, Lactarti on Iht MB. MaUriatt of Ancitnt Hiilory of Inland (DubHn. 1874). John Healt.

Liiter, aliaa Butlbb, Tbouas, Jesuit KTiter, b. in Lkncashire, about 1550; d. in England, probably shortly before 162S; was the son of Christopher Lis- ter of Midhope, Yorks. He entered Douai College, 1576. Having occaaion to return to Eoglaod, he was seised and imprisoned. He, however, obtained hie release, and in 1579 was received into the English College, Rome, liiere, three years later, he joined the Society of Jeaua in P'ebruary, 15S2-3. He gradu- ated in Divinity at Pont-^Mousson in 1592. la 1596 he went on the English but was amsted m 11 endured a long incart Just at this period difGcultiea had broken outamong the Eng- lish clergy, owing to the re- fusal of certain amongst them

Dr. George Blackwell. Lister was consulted by one of the priests as to the conduct of those who had refused obedi- ence. While a man both of piety and abihty, he was tortunatelylacl ' ' ' '

3 repljf a smai! treatise entitled, "Ad- versus factioBOS in ecclesia", in which their conduct was vigor- ously censured. They are de- clared to have ips-i Jaclii fallen intoschisni.and to liavi^ incurred excommunication and irregu- larity. It is doubtful whether this tractate was publi.ihdl; but itwaswidelycirciilated in manu- script, and aroused the decpc^^t resentment. It certainly nerved not a little to fan the l1anii>H of the UDhappy dispute. To the request of the clergy that he would prohibit it, Blackwell replied curtly (April, 15)17): " Your request is that we should call in thetreatise againnt your schism; and this is unreasonable, because the medicino ought not pban to be removed before the »ore be thoroughly cured. If it ^ieve you, I am not grieved thereat.'' His conduct in regard to Lister's trai^ formed the firat of the sii grounds on which was based the "Appeal of the thirty-three clergymen", against Ida administration. The appellants obtained a fa- vouiable hearing at Rome. Lister's tract was sup- »nd Bla('"

to have resided continiiou-sly in England. Mix death probably occurred shortly before 1628. The tri'atise

Adveisus factiosos" is incorporated in Christopher Bagshaw's (q. v.) "Relatio compendiosa turl>arum"; a portion of it is printed in Iaw's work cited below.

VaBa.eA-Tltaxtt, Chunh Hiitory of Englmd.ltl (London. IBM), ooniiimq.] GiLLow. Bf6I. Dtrt. Entf. Cntt.. 9, v.; Law, HiMotical Skilch of Conflieli brlimn Jauila and Srculari in Mt nuH of BlitaMhJloadon. 1880), opp«iiib[ D; MoHBia. Thi TimMit of OUT CalhoUe Forrfalhrri. retalrd by lArmnrlvtii. 1

Usit, Frank, admitt«dly the greatest pianist in the ■.ni>»l« oif music, and a composer whose status in musi- Ml lit«nture still fonos a debatable question, b, at

6 LUST

Raiding, Hungary, 22 OcIoUt, ISl 1 : .1. at Bayreuth, Germany, 31 July, 188(i. His musical precocity was early recogniied oy his parents, and his hrst teacher was his father, Adam Liszt, a musical amateur of rare culture. His first public appearance at Oedenburg at the age of nine was of so startling a character, that ' several Hungarian magnates who were present at onoe assumed the financial reaponsihillties of his further musical education. Taken to Vienna by his father, who devoted himself e.\c!uaiveiy to the development of hin talented child, he studied the piano for six years with Ciemy, and theory and composition with Salieri and Handhartinger. His first public appearance in Vienna (1 Jan., 1S2.3) proved a noteworthy event in the annals of music. From Beethoven, who was present, down to the merest dilettante, everyone forth- with acknowledged his great genius. His entry to the Paris Conservatory, where his father wished him to continue his studies, anil which at the time was under Cberubini, proved unsuccessful on account erf' his not beiilg a native of France. His studies, however, under Reicha and Paer. were of a character that made the youth- ful prodigy one of the conspicu- ous figures of the French capi- tal. His one act opera, "Don Kanchc", as well as his piano compositions, achie^'ed a flatter- ing succe&i. Hi^ brilliant con- cert tours in Switzerland and England enhanced an already esluiilished reputation. His father's.lcath (1S27) madeLisrt and his mother dependent on hia own [)en<onal exertions, but the temporary hardship d isappeared when he liegan his literarj- and teaching career. His charming

ffi^sonBlity, conversational bril- ncy, and transcendent musi- cal ability opened the world of fasliion. wealtli, and intellect to him. His Catholic sturdlneas was temporarily shaken by the " Nouveau Christian isme " <rf Saint^Simon, to which, how- ever, he never formally or even tacitly subscribed, and by the socialistic aberrations of Chev- LiHtr alier and Pdreire. The un-

healthy atmosphere of his associations with Alphonsc de Lamartinc, Victor Hugo, Heinrich Heme, George Sand, and their coterie, could not fail to weaken his religious moorings. Fortunately the contravening influence of Laraen- nais averted what mi^t have ended in spiritual ship- wreck. His intimacy with Meycrlieer and his friend- ship with Chopin, whose bioRrapher he subsequently liceame,keptalivc and fostered his interest in his art.

The result of this environment led to the unfortu- nate alliance (1S3+-44) with the Countess d'Agoult (Daniel St«m), The fruit of it was three children — a son who died early, Blanilina, who became the wife of Emile01livier,Ministerof Justice to Napoleon III, and Cosima. first the wife of Hans von Billow, then of Richard Wagner, and now the owner of Villa WaJm- fried, Bayreuth. The rupture of this liaison signal- isHl the Ireginning of his dazzling career as a virtuoso, scaling higher altitudes as years progressed, until his Reputation, like that of Paganim on the violin, was that of a pianbt without peer or rival. His concert tours throughout Europe evoked an unparalleled enthusiasm. Kings and national assemblies beatovred