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the names of its bishops as far back as the sub-Apos- toUc epoch. It seems certain that a St. Potamius^ who took part in the Council of Rimini (<^6), was Bishop of Lisbon. Other bishops are mentioned up to the vear 716 when Lisbon passed into the hands of the Moors and the see remained vacant till 1147. Before the Moorish conquest the diocese was suffragan of B^rida; the liberation under Alfonso I took place in 1147, and in 1199 Lisbon was made suffragan of Compostela. At the request of King John I, Pope Boniface DC, by Bull dated 10 November, 1394, erected Lisbon into an archdiocese and gave it as suffra- gans, Coimbra, Leiria, Guarda, Evora, and Silves (in 1396, however, Evora was detached by the same pope) and the first archbishop was John Anes. Among nis more famous successors were Roderiguez da Cunha (1636) and Cardinal Luiz da Souza (1676). As Portu- ^1 grew in political importance and colonial posses- sions, the jurisdiction of the Metropolitan of Lisbon expanded, and we leani from Stadel, "Compend. Geogr. Eccles." (1712) that Coimbra, Ixiiria, Forta- legre, Elvas, Funchal, Angra, Congo, St. James of Cape Verde, San Thom6, and Baia of All Saints were suffragans of Lisbon. As a reward for assistance against the Turks, Clement XI in 1708 raised the CSapel of the Royal Palace to Collegiate rank and associated with it three parishes in the dioceses of Bra- ^nza and Lamego. Later in that same year, yield- mg to the request of John V, he issued the Bull " In Supremo Apostolatus Solio" (22 Oct., 1716), known as the Golden Bull, because the seal or bulla was affixed with gold instead of lead, giving the collegiate chapel cathedral rank, with met ropolitical rights, and conterring on its titular the rank of patriarch. The town of Lisbon was ecclesiastically divided into East- cm and Western Lisbon. The former Archbishop of Lisbon retained jurisdiction over Extern Lisbon, and had as suffragans Guarda, Portalegre, St. James of Cape Verde, San Thomd, and San Salvator in Congo. Western Lisbon and metropolitical rights over Leiria, Lamego, Funchal, and Angra, together with elaborate privileges and honours were granted to the new patri- arch and his successors. It was further agreed be- tween pope and king that the Patriarch of Lisbon should De made a cardinal at the first consistory fol- lowing his appointment. The first Patriarch of Lis- bon was a saintly man, Thomas d'Almeyda, formerly Bishop of Porto, and he was raised to the cardinalate 20 Dec, 1737. There thus existed side by side in the city of Lisbon two metropolitical churches. To ob- viate the inconvenience of this arrangement Benedict XIV (13 Dec, 1740) united East and West Lisbon into one single archdiocese under Patriarch d'Al- meyda, who ruled the see until 1754. The double chapter however remained until 1843, when the old cathedral chapter was dissolved by Gregory XVI. It was during the patriarehate of Canlinal d'Almeyda (1746) that the famous chapel of Saint John the Bap- tist, now in the church of Sao Roque, was built m Rome at the expense of King John V, and conse- crated by Pope Benedict XIV.

At what oate the patriarchs of Lisbon began to quarter the tiara with three crowns, though without uie keys, on their coat of arms is uncertain and there are no documents referring to the grant of such a privilege. By Apostolic letters dated 30 Sept., 1881 the metropohtan of Lisbon claims as suffragans the Dioceses of Angola, St. James of Cape Verde, San Thom^, Egitan, Portalegre, Angra, Fimchiil. The archdiocese comprises the civil districts of Lisbon and Santarem, and has a Catholic population of 728,739. The estimated number of Protestants and Jews is 5000. The total number of parishes is 341, of priests 662, and of churches and chapels 1555. The present

Sitriarch is Antonio Mendes Bello, who was oom at onvea in tho IMocese of Guarda in June, 1842, ap- pcnnted Archbishop of Mitylene24 March, ISS*!, trans-

lated to Faro 13 Nov., 1884, and appointed patriarch of Lisbon, 10 Dec, 1907, in succession to Cardinal NetOj who resigned. The patriarch is assisted by an auxiliary bishop, Mgr. Jqs6 Alves de Mattos, titular Archbishop of Mitylene. Cardinal Neto, the ex- patriarch, was bom at La^os in the Diocese of Faro, 8 Feb., 1841; was ordained m 1863; joined the Order of Friars Minor in 1875; was appointed Bishop of Angola and Congo in 1879; became Patriarch oi Lisbon in 1883; was named Cardinal of the Title of the Twelve Apostles, 24 March, 1884, and at present ranks as senior cardinal priest. He resigned his patriarchate in November, 1907, and retired to a convent of his own order in Lisbon. In 16?4 a college for English stu- dents desiring to study for the priesthood and for mis- sion work in England, was founded in Lisbon by Pietro Catinho, a member of an illustrious family. It is known as SS. Peter and Paul's and has the same ri^ts and privileges as the English College, Rome. It axd- iered severely from the earthquake of 1755, but con- tinues its work to this day, and is now governed by Monsignor Hilton, who was bom in 1825; educated at Lisbon; ordained 1850; served some time on the mis- sion in the Diocese of Shrewsbiuy, England; made a domestic prelate in 1881; and returned to Lisbon as president in 1883. A college for Irish students was founded by royal charter in 1593; it escaped all injury from the earthquake, but was closed during the civil wars in Portugal in the nineteenth century and has never been reopened. A convent of Irish Dominican monks and another of Irish Dominican nuns exist in Iiisbon to this day.

Santarem. — ^The ancient Scalabis, the Prcesidium Julium of the Romans, and capital of the district of Santarem lies on the right bank of the Tagus about 46 miles from Lisbon. The population in 1901 was 9400. It does a large trade in wine and oil, and is the vege- table garden of Lisbon. In the sixteenth century it was of more importance than nowadays, and its popu- lation stood at 21,000. A long narrow bridge spans the Tagus, and on a rock in the river stands the castle of Almourel, a building in Gothic architecture. Ro- man relics unearthed in the vicinity incline archaeol- ogists to the opinion that the noted Nabantia of the Romans and Goths stood there. The Franciscan convent is now a barracks, and the convent of Santa Iria or Irene is in ruins. Saint Irene (whence the name of the town Santarem) is said to have been the niece of the prior of the Benedictine monastery when the Goths ruled that portion of Portugal.

Inchbold, LiMwn and Cintra (New York, 1908); Stephens, Portugal (London, 1903); Adam, La patrie portuguaise (Paris, 1896); Crawford, Portugal Old and New (London, 1880); Anniuiire Pontificale (1910); Gerarchia (1910).

J. C. Grey.

Lisieux. See Bayeux, Diocese of.

Lismore (Ireland). See Waterford, Diocese of.

Lismore, Diocese of (Lismorensis), extends over a territory of 21,00 square miles in the north-east of New South Wales (Australia). It comprises a portion of the Eastern Coast district, from Point Danger on the Queensland border to the north of Mount Lindsay, and from the western base of the latter to a point ten miles south of Mount Seaview, thence to a point ten miles south of Port Macquaric. The diocese is wa^ tered by the Macleay, the Clarence, the Richmond, and other rapid rivers that rise in the New England and Macpherson ranges, and contains a good deal of rich pastoral, agricultural, and dair>'ing land. Among its chief products are sugar and maize. In 1837 the waters of the Clarence were first cleft by white men's keels — two sailing vessels, one of which made a be- ginning of the pastoral settlement of the district by landing the first cattle that ever browsed upon the banks of tliat fine river. The first Catholic family (tlie llawthomes) arrive* I in Grafton, ou the Cl'A.^vijaRfc^