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 LIND0RE8

270

UNQARD

but was miraculously rescued after four days. In 995

it was brought to Durham, and afterwards replaced

in Lindisfarne, when the chiurch there was rebuilt.

There it remained till the Dissolution in 1536. For

the space of 100 years it was lost sight of. In 1623 it

was m the possession of Robert Bowyer, clerk to the

House of Commons. He disposed of it to Sir Robert

Cotton, whence it passed to the British Museum.

Traces of its immersion in the sea have been detected

by experts. Its present precious binding was a gift of

Bishop Maltby. The codex was edited oy Stevenson

and Waring (i854-65), and by Skeat (1887).

Bbde, Hi9l. Ecd., I, 100; Eyre. History of St. Culhbert (Lon- don, 1887); Raise, History and Antuiuttiet of North Durham (London, 1852V, Montalembert, Momcs of the West^ the chap- ter on Celtic Monks and appendix; Stmeon of Durham, Op. omnia, ed, Arnold in RolU Series (2 vols., London, 1882); O'Hanlon, Lives of the Irish Saints, 31 August; Butler. Lives of the SainLt^ 31 August. For LindUfame Gospels, see RUes of Durham (Surtees Soc, 1902), 248- Revue Bfnidictine, for Nov. and Dec., 1891; Chapman. Early History of the Vulgate Gospels (Oxford, 1908); Kenton, Handbook to Textual Criticism of the New Testament (London, 1901), 199; Bibliographical Papers on Books (London, 1895); Robinson, Celtic Illuminative Art (Dub- lin, 1908); Xtmms and Wtatt. Art of Illuminating (1860); Wbstwood. Miniatures and Ornaments (1868) — several of fore- going give facsimiles.

CoLUMBA Edmonds.

Lindores, Benedictine Abbet OF, on the R iverTay, near Newburgh, Fifeshire, Scotland, founded by Da- vid, Earl of Huntingdon, younger brother of King Wil- liam the Lion, about 1191. Boece (Chronicles of Scot- land) gives 1178 as the date, but his romantic storv of the foundation (adopted by Walter Scott in "The Talisman") is quite uncorroborated and almost cer- tainly fictitious. The monks were Tironensian Bene- dictines, brought from Kelso; Guido, Prior of Kelso, was the first abbot, and practically completed the ex- tensive buildings. The church, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin and St. Andrew, was 195 feet long, with transepts 110 feet long. Earl David richly endowed the abbey, making over to it the ten parisn churches which were in his gift, as well as tithes and other sources of revenue, and asking nothing in return " save only prayers for the weal of the soul". The monks, by the foundation charter, were to be free of all secu- lar and military service, and they gradually acquired extensive powers and jurisdiction over the people liv- ing on their property. Other churches were granted by the Leslies and subsequent benefactors to the ab- bey, which had finally as many as twenty-two belong- ing to it. Dowden, in his introduction to the Lin- dores chartulary, gives details of these endowments, as well as of the privileges granted to the abbey by successive popes: these do not seem to have differed from those enjoyed by other great monasteries. Ed- ward I of England, John de Baliol, David II, and James III were ftmong the monarchs who visited Lindores at different times. David, Duke of Rothesay, who perished mysteriously at Falkland Palace, not far off, was buried at Lindores in 1402. Twenty-one abbots ruled the monastery from its foundation to its suppres- sion. Lindores was the first of the great Scottish ab- beys to suffer violence from the Protestant mob. being sacked and the monks expelled by the populace of Dundee in 1543. Knox describes a similar scene in 1559: "The abljey of Lindores we reformed: their al- tars overthrew we; their idols, vestments of idolatrie and mass-books we burnt in their presence, and com- manded them to cast away their monkish habits". The last abbot was the learned and pious John Leslie, afterwards Bishop of Ross (d. 1596). The abbey was created a temporal lonlship in 1600 in favour of Pat- rick Leslie, in whose family it remained till 1741. It now belongs to the Hays of Leys. The fragments of the buildings which remain are mostly of the twelfth century; they include the groined archway of the prin- cipal entrance, and part of the chancel walls and of the western tower of the church.

Chartulary of the Abbey of Lindores, ed. Dowdkn from the

Caprington MS., with intxoduction and appendixes (Edinbui^K Scot. Hist. 8oo.. 1903). The volume puSushed by the AbbotS' ford Club (1841, tnoorreotly called Chartulariet of Balmermo and Lindores, is really a sixteenth-century transcript of mis- cellaneous documents relating to these abbevs. See also Laino, Lindores Abbey and itsbitrgh of Newburgh (Edinbuivh, 1876); Gordon, Monattieon, III (Gfaseow, 1848), 639-650: DuoDALE, Monasticon Anglioanum, VI (London, 1830), 1150. Dowden, op. cit. gives some interesting reproductions of ancieb« seals of the Chapter and various Abbots of Lindores.

D. O. Huntbr-Blaib.

Line, Mrs. Anne, English martyr, d. 27 Feb., 1601. She was the daughter of William Heigham of Dun- mow, Essex, a gentleman of means, and an ardent Calvinist, and when she and her brother announced their intention of becoming Catholics both were dis- owned and disinherited. Anne married Roger Line, a convert like herself, and shortly after their marriage he was apprehended for attending Mass. After a brief confinement he was released and permitted to go into exile in Flanders, where he died m 15M. When Fa- ther John Gerard established a house of refuge for priests in London, Mrs. Line was placed in charge. After Father Gerard's escape from the Tower in 1G97, as the authorities were begmning to suspect her assist- ance, she removed to another house, which she made a rallying point for neighbouring Catholics. On Candle- mas day, 1601, Father Francis Page, S.J. was about to celebrate Mass in her apartments, when priest-catch- ers broke into the rooms. Father Page quickly un- vested, and mingled with the others, but the altar prepared for the ceremonv was all the evidence needed for the arrest of Mrs. Line. She was tried at the Old Bailey 26 Feb., 1601, and indicted under the Act of 27 Eliz. for harbouring a priest, though this could not be proved. The next day she was led to the gal- lows, and bravely proclaiming her faith, achieved the martyrdom for which she had prayed. Her fate was shared by two priests, Mark Barkworth, O.S.B., and Roger Filcock, S.J., who were executea at the same time.

Roger Fil6ock had long been Mrs. Line's friend and frequently her confessor. Entering the English Col- lege at Reims in 1588, he was sent with others in 1590 to colonize the seminary of St. Albans at Valladolid. and, after completing His course there, was ordainea and sent on the English mission. Father Gamett kept him on probation for two years to try his mettle before admitting him to the Society of Jesus, and find- ing him zealous and })rave, finally allowed him to en- ter. He was just about to cross to the Continent for his novitiate when he was arrested on suspicion of being a priest and executed after a travesty of a trial.

Morris, Life of Fr. John Oerard; Challoner, Memoirs^ I, 396; FoLET, Records S.J. I, 405; VII, 264; Douay Diaries, p. 219, 280; Hist. MSS. Com. Rep. Rutland CoU. Belvoir CaeOe, 1, 370; GiLLOW. Bibl. Diet. Eng. Cath.

Stanley J. Quinn.

Linen. See Alb; Altar, sub -title Altar- Lin- ens; Amice; Corporal; etc.

Lingard, John, English priest and historian; b. at Winchester, 5 February, 1771; d. at Hornby, 17 July, 1851. He was the son of Lincolnshire yeomen, John Lingard and Elizabeth Rennell, whom poverty and persecution had driven to mig^te from their native Claxby, first to London, where they met again and married, then, after a short return to their old home, to Winchester, where he was bom. He in- herited from a stock winnowed and strengthened by the ceaseless oppression of two centuries the silent, stubborn, almost sullen longing for the conversion of his native land, that is so intimate a characteristic of the pre-Emancipation Catholic.

The first step towards realizing this longing was taken in 1779, when the Rev. James Nolan, Muner's predecessor at Winchester, arranged with Bishop Challoner the first preliminaries for his reception at Douai. These were concluded by Mi)ner himself